Biology
Grade-8
Easy
Question
Which of the following helps to turn genes on so that they are expressed (transcribed and translated)?
- A high level of condensation (coiling around histones)
- Histone acetylation
- DNA methylation
- Histone methylation
Hint:
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.
The correct answer is: Histone acetylation
- Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes, the basic structural unit of the chromosomes and ultimately higher-order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin.
- Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA.
- As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription.
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