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Question

integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x equals

  1. 2 log invisible function application 2
  2. pi over 2 log invisible function application 2
  3. log invisible function application square root of 2
  4. log invisible function application 2

hintHint:

We are aware that differentiation is the process of discovering a function's derivative and integration is the process of discovering a function's antiderivative. Thus, both processes are the antithesis of one another. Therefore, we can say that differentiation is the process of differentiation and integration is the reverse. The anti-differentiation is another name for the integration.
Here we have given:  integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x and we have to integrate it. We will use the formula to find the answer.

The correct answer is: log invisible function application square root of 2


    Now we have given the function as integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x. Here the lower limit is straight pi over 4 and upper limit is straight pi over 2. We know that there are some integrals of special functions which makes problem to solve easily. We will use one of them.
    We will use substitution method.
    So as per the question, we have:
    integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x
W e space k n o w space t h a t space c o t x space equals space sin x divided by cos x comma space s o space a p p l y i n g space t h i s comma space w e space g e t colon
integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   fraction numerator cos x over denominator sin x end fraction d x
H e r e space w e space w i l l space u s e space t h e space f o r m u l a colon
integral fraction numerator space space f apostrophe left parenthesis x right parenthesis over denominator f left parenthesis x right parenthesis space end fraction d x equals log ∣ f left parenthesis x right parenthesis ∣
integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   fraction numerator cos x over denominator sin x end fraction d x space equals space ln open vertical bar sin space x close vertical bar subscript begin inline style bevelled straight pi over 4 end style end subscript superscript bevelled straight pi over 2 end superscript
E x p a n d i n g space t h i s comma space w e space g e t colon
integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x equals space ln left parenthesis sin space straight pi over 2 right parenthesis minus ln left parenthesis sin space straight pi over 4 right parenthesis
space integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x equals ln left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis minus ln left parenthesis fraction numerator 1 over denominator square root of 2 end fraction right parenthesis
integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x equals 1 half ln left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis.

    So here we used the concept of integrals of special functions and simplified it. We can also solve it manually but it will take lot of time to come to final answer hence we used the special case and the formula of that. The integral of the given function is integral subscript pi divided by 4 end subscript superscript pi divided by 2 end superscript   cot invisible function application x d x equals 1 half ln left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis.

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