Physics-
General
Easy
Question
Find the electric dipole moment of a non-conducting ring of radius
, made of two semicircular rings having linear charge densities
and
as shown in Figure.
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/905282/1/880422/Picture5.png)
- 4
The correct answer is: 4![blank lambda a to the power of 2 end exponent](data:image/png;base64,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)
Related Questions to study
physics-
Find the capacitance between
and
(Fig). Each capacitor has capacitance C.![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/473759/1/880420/Picture9.png)
Find the capacitance between
and
(Fig). Each capacitor has capacitance C.![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/473759/1/880420/Picture9.png)
physics-General
physics-
The equivalent capacitance of the combination of three capacitors, each of capacitance C shown in figure between points A and B is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The equivalent capacitance of the combination of three capacitors, each of capacitance C shown in figure between points A and B is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Three charges are placed at the vertex of an equilateral triangle as shown in figure. For what value of
, the electrostatic potential energy of the system is zero?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Three charges are placed at the vertex of an equilateral triangle as shown in figure. For what value of
, the electrostatic potential energy of the system is zero?
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAALEAAACVCAYAAAAXFBvlAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAA0QSURBVHhe7Z1NSFXdF8a3f4IaKNQgyndkA61oUKEDC0urgdbAtEE4KBBsYNjAwKhsEA20IqkGfQ2KhIIKQjOQmoiCQg2UGhSmQQWBFkEECjXzPc927/d/vXm/zj0fe5/z/OBy7t1ezTzrPnuttZ+zT8GCgyDEYhjEITE7OytmZmbk8/Lycnkk7vifOpI8mZ6eVs/S8/z5c1FWViaqq6tFV1eXaG9vFwUFBeLUqVMysIkLoMQkfxobG9Wz1HR0dGDWWxgYGFAjiziKvFBVVSW/NjU1pUZJtjCIPSJTEDuqK4P0wYMHamQpc3Nz8ut4IKhJ9jCdCACkCefOnROlpaXiyJEjanQphYWFMr0AV69elUeSHQziAOjr65PHgwcPymMqamtr5bGnp0ceSXYwiF2AIm5iYmLJ48ePH3+N6WJvaGhIHktKSuQxFRs3blTPsi8UCVtsruju7hbj4+Pq1SL9/f3CyYvVq0UqKipEZ2enOHTokPz6jRs3RFtbm/rq8qBTAfDz2XrLEpkZk7xJV9i1tLTIgg3FXTpQ0OF9eKDQI9nBdCIAampq5PHFixfymIqpqSl5RAGIQo9kB4M4ABoaGuRxbGws7YLG4OCgPLKwyw0GcQBAVQcGBuTzw4cPi/n5efk8EazkIXiRV9fX16tRkhUqrSB5kinfBVipw5/cSRfkc6d4WxgeHv5vJQ+5M3Ph3GF3ImCQTty/f18ufmiqqqrE9evX2Y1wCdOJgCkuLpZtt+QWXWKPmOQGgzgkoLroRkCFUfDt379/2VyZZIZBHCKwZI6Ojsqi7/v376KoqEgupIyMjKh3kGxgThwC58+fF2vWrJFe4kQQvO/fv5fL1NpvQTLDIA6YDx8+iC1btoiVK1eKT58+ifXr16uvELcwnQiYs2fPihUrVojfv3+Ly5cvq1GSD1TiAHn27JlczEAa8eXLF/n6zZs3Ytu2beodxA0M4oD48+eP2L59u/j165eYnJyUx82bN4vKykoxPDys3kXcwHQiIO7cuSPzYRR1q1evlt5iKDKKOSgycQ+VOAC+ffsmNmzYIDZt2iTTBw3UGePg8+fPYtWqVfI5yQ0qcQCgmEPA3r59W40sgqC9du2aDPJLly6pUZIrVGKfefv2rcyFm5qaxKNHj9ToUnbs2CHfBzVmyy13GMQ+gwBGLpwuQHWgw3eMy5hIbjCd8JHe3l4ZoCjm0iksWmytra2ywOOSc+5QiX1CF23Ie9FSy1S0IS9Gyw1di8Tij2SGSuwTKOYQmCjcsuk6QKmh2FBueItJ9lCJfQA5MHJcXCCa6eLQRKDeKPIQ/FBjFnnZQSX2AagwuHjxojxmCxQb34Mgpq8iB6DExDv6+/sxsy20t7erkdxpaGiQP8NRYzVC0sF0wkMS/RH5rMBBiVEUomvx6tUrNUpSwXTCQ7Q/AimB2wAGyIVPnz4tXr9+LR4/fqxGSSqoxB6h1TPZH+EW+iqyh0rsEdofgcvxvQBBC68FPhwXLlxQo2RZoMQkP1CA4U/Z3NysRryjpqZmwQnoBUeN1QhJhumEB2Tjj3ALfRWZYTqRJ9ofgWLOj8UJdChgnoev4uXLl2qUJEIlzgNdfOFKDRRzfhVfyIuhxviQoOXGIm8pVOI80P6IfFtqmdAtNyg+2nhkKVRil2h/RF1dXWC5Kv49XCUNV5wfqYutUIldcvLkSXnM1R+RD3DEYTWQLbckoMQkN7zwR7iFvoq/YTqRIyjmYF7HMYyVNPoq/obpRI7AsI681O9iLhW6yKOv4v9QiXPAa3+EW+irWAqVOAdQzHnpj3ALglb7KrQBP9ZAiUlmnPxTFlR++CPcon0Vk5OTaiSeMJ3IEhN7tFj8wDV5QfaqTYTpRBZglQwBk2n/iKBJ3K8izpsSUokzoLdgRfCa6FvQv5/f/g2ToRJnAKtjQfgj3ILgxQyBZfC4+iqoxGmwKedEzu6Xp9l0qMRp0O0reBZMBy03tP9i2XKDEpO/0f6IM2fOqBHzaWpqkr9z3HwVTCeWIWx/hFtMWVEMGqYTy6D9EdluBmgKyIX1poS4bCouUImTsN0lZusskg9U4iS0PyL5/hq2gKDV9wGJTZEHJSaLaH9Ea2urGrGXurq62PgqmE4kEKVr2HSPO9c9km2E6YTCVH+EW7SvAntVRN1XQSV2MN0f4Rb9/8L/B7NLVIs8KrGD6f4It2hfBVKkKN8HJPZKbJM/wi1R91XEXolt8ke4Rfsq9F4ZkQNKHFe0P8KZctVIdMFlVfi/oo0YNWKbTsRtZSvKvorYphO4qz0KHky1UQ9ggFwYhStqgKiZ52OpxFqVKisrxfDwsBqNPph1UOSh9YaWG7oXUSCWSnz8+HF5QqNczC0HZhyoMT7EkdqUEEocJxzllQVOGJsBmgI2JXQCOjLm+dilE5hOoUQobqLYM80GvbdyVHwVsUonsGqFwgYb8sU1gAE6FFHyVcRGiaG+UB8Eb5wu3UkFagIUt8iTbfdVxEaJcdd6BHLcirlU6CIPbUa0G20mFkqMFAIqzHvB/Q3+Lrb7KmKhxPAMQHlsveTIT7BNLVILtB1tJfJBjMJlZGQk9sVcKmCeb25u/u/vZCORTid08QLicuWvG/QKpq2+ikgrMQoWnKC4+CPcghlK+ypsNM9HVom1usTNH+GWRF+FbQtBkVXiuPoj3KJbbvjwox1pFVDiqEF/hHtsvNljJNMJTItQlDj7I9yifRU2pWGRSye0PyIq+0cEDToUzgwm2222+CoipcRQX6gIgpf+CPfY1pqMlBJrfwRX5vIDQas3JbTBVxEZJdb+iKamJvHo0SM1SvIB+3Hg72q6ryIyQbxnzx55026bjSymYYtxKhLphF73ZzHnLYk3e4SB3lSsV2JdhCCPi/KmeWGBvBj7c5SUlBi72aL1Sqz9EShEGMDeg5kNMxxSC1P3q7BaiXFVAlQiDhtJhwlmOxR5pm5AbrUS6w3ysOZP/AMzHP7GMAcZuV8FlNhGHOXFDEJ/RICY6quwMp3Q0xty4Shtx2Q6On0z7fZoVqYTiffXYAAHBzoU8FWgH//48WM1Gj7WKXFiy4f+iOAx0VdhnRKjsECBQX9EOCBota/ClCLPKiWmP8IctK8CNQlmxTCxKohtMaTEAS0oJvgqrEknUEigoKA/wgxM8lVYocS6mEAnAsUcl5fNAHmxvgghTF+FFUoc1Zsl2g6CFzsrIbUI01dhvBLrBnuUb5ZoO1DjMDclNF6J6Y8wH7TckPLpG1sGDpTYVOiPsIcwfRXGphOJ/ghTVoZIanCeUHyHsSmhsemE9kewmLODxCKvt7dXjQaDkUqMTzX9EfYRlq/CSCXW/gjsYk7sAUELTwtEKNAiD0psEigM8GvhrvDETmpqauTNHicnJ9WIvxiXTtAfYT9B+yqMSie0PwLFHAPYXuCrgHkevoogNiU0Ronpj4gWyIuhxkGcT2OUmP6IaKFbbliO9ttXYYQS0x8RXYLwVRihxPRHRJcgfBWhK/GtW7dEW1ub3F6/trZWjZIo8eTJE6nGg4OD4sCBA2rUQxDEYbJv3z7ZF+Yj+o+WlhZ11r3FyGVnQnLBWAMQIdnCICbWwyAmrjl06JB6Fi6+BfHz58/F9PS0ekWIf/gWxF+/fhVzc3PqFSH+wXSC+A5m5bKyMlFQUCCfd3d3y+ezs7PqHfkRehDPz8+LmzdvyvxKpyB4jrshEfs5deqUOHjwoOjp6cGahBzDrSmqqqpEcXGxfJ036BP7wY0bNxbGx8fVq+WZmpqSTfDGxkZ5Z/wHDx4sdHR0yLGZmRn1LmICOEc4L5keeJ+mq6tLjiXGAc4rxnCuvcKTxQ4oaPLFge/evRPr1q0Ta9euVSOL9PX1ySMUd+PGjaKlpUXcvXtXjgFMO/i+0dFRNUJMBTOmPp/JTExMiIqKCuEEsujs7FSjQjx8+FAcPXpUOAImz7UXeBLEyG2cT5h6tQgM7lu3bpXutETKy8vlcdeuXWJsbEwWf4WFhXIMP+eff/4RjopLPwUxm3RBfOzYMXHv3r0l5xfowPW0c4Ug9oN06cTAwICcUnBMBN+DcaQZxHwSU4dkcB6TvRJIITCONMNLQinskH6A+vp6eQQo8E6cOCFKS0s9m2ZIuMBLrIHyatX22q0YShD//PlTOJ9i9WoRvXV+c3OzPBL7GRoakuKE/Pjp06cyRwY6pfSK0FpsKPw06BsiRwY7d+6UR2I+qfJh4KSK8iqdoqIiefEvijsU/x0dHeodHqLSCs9BK8VJ6tWrpaCdhn/aSR1kXoUcWLdjSDTRrTWce68JzU+sOxqJ3Qpc3XHlyhX5mkQL3VpL7lZ4gRGmeN1awxSUWOyRaIDzW11dLXbv3r1kTcArjPBO6Nxq79698kiiAzwSEKiPHz/KvrEf9s1QlRgFHdbRsegB0LFIVywQshyhBjF6h8l2Ta/bLyT6GJETE5IPRuTEhOQDg5hYD4OYWI4Q/wIcI0BIJsFMgAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
physics-General
Physics-
Figure shows three points A, B and C in a region of uniform electric field E. The line AB is perpendicular and BC is parallel to the field lines. Then which of the following holds good?
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/474637/1/880405/Picture9.png)
Where
represent the electric potential at the points A, B and C respectively.
Figure shows three points A, B and C in a region of uniform electric field E. The line AB is perpendicular and BC is parallel to the field lines. Then which of the following holds good?
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/474637/1/880405/Picture9.png)
Where
represent the electric potential at the points A, B and C respectively.
Physics-General
physics-
Effective capacitance between points
in the figure, shown is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Effective capacitance between points
in the figure, shown is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A number of capacitors, each of equal capacitance
, are arranged as shown in Fig. The equivalent capacitance between
and
is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A number of capacitors, each of equal capacitance
, are arranged as shown in Fig. The equivalent capacitance between
and
is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Two capacitors and with capacities and are charged to potential difference of and, respectively. The plates of the capacitors are connected as shown in the figure with one wire free from each capacitor. The upper plate of is positive and that of is negative. An uncharged capacitor of capacitance and lead wires falls on the free ends to complete circuit, then
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/474641/1/880399/Picture1.png)
Two capacitors and with capacities and are charged to potential difference of and, respectively. The plates of the capacitors are connected as shown in the figure with one wire free from each capacitor. The upper plate of is positive and that of is negative. An uncharged capacitor of capacitance and lead wires falls on the free ends to complete circuit, then
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/474641/1/880399/Picture1.png)
physics-General
physics-
Find the charge that will flow through the wire to if the switch is closed. The capacitance of each capacitor shown in the figure is
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/484655/1/880179/Picture4.png)
Find the charge that will flow through the wire to if the switch is closed. The capacitance of each capacitor shown in the figure is
![](https://mycourses.turito.com/tokenpluginfile.php/c161933dbfaab094c54655ab71e9b8f0/1/question/questiontext/484655/1/880179/Picture4.png)
physics-General
physics-
A 20 capacitor is connected to 45 V battery through a circuit whose resistance is 2000 What is the final charge on the capacitor?
A 20 capacitor is connected to 45 V battery through a circuit whose resistance is 2000 What is the final charge on the capacitor?
physics-General
biology
Select the correct statement(s) A Microbial experiment show the pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in the observation of new phenotypes Over few generation this would result in speciation B Neanderthal fossils represent a human relative C In 1938, a fish caught in South Africa happened to be a coelacanth (lobe fins) which was thought to be extinct These animals evolved into the first amphibian living on both land and water D Lichens can be used as water pollution indicators E Alfred Wallace, a natur st, who worked in Malay Archepelago (present Indonesia) has also come to similar conclusion on natural selection as reached by Darwinism
Select the correct statement(s) A Microbial experiment show the pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in the observation of new phenotypes Over few generation this would result in speciation B Neanderthal fossils represent a human relative C In 1938, a fish caught in South Africa happened to be a coelacanth (lobe fins) which was thought to be extinct These animals evolved into the first amphibian living on both land and water D Lichens can be used as water pollution indicators E Alfred Wallace, a natur st, who worked in Malay Archepelago (present Indonesia) has also come to similar conclusion on natural selection as reached by Darwinism
biologyGeneral
biology
A definition of the term "Species" based on reproduction has distinct limitations, which include its
A definition of the term "Species" based on reproduction has distinct limitations, which include its
biologyGeneral
biology
Hugo deVries'theory of mutation:
Hugo deVries'theory of mutation:
biologyGeneral
biology
The material used in determining the age of a fossil is:
The material used in determining the age of a fossil is:
biologyGeneral
biology
Evolutionary convergence is the development of:
Evolutionary convergence is the development of:
biologyGeneral
biology
Darwin's finches represents:
Darwin's finches represents:
biologyGeneral