science
Grade-11
Easy

Question

How do genetic disorders happen?

  1. Mutations
  2. Mistakes during meiosis
  3. Both A and B
  4. They are transmitted

hintHint:

Genetic material undergoes change during cell division.

The correct answer is: Both A and B


    Cells division is necessary for the growth of an organism. Cell division results in the passage of genetic material from the parent cell to offspring.
    Cell division can be classified into mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the division of somatic cells resulting in two identical cells. Meiosis is the division of sex cells resulting in the production of gametes.
    In both mitosis and meiosis, genetic material is being transferred. Error in genetic sequence can occur irrespective of the process. Genetic disorder can occur in both somatic and sex chromosomes.

    • Genetic disorder is due to alteration in gene sequence
    • The gene sequence change can occur in a cell irrespective of type of cell division a cell undergoes
    • Mutation can occur at any point of cell division
    • Trisomy can be attributed as a result of meiosis

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    In Down’s syndrome of a male child, the sex chromosome is

    • Down syndrome is a genetic disorder 
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    • Individuals with phenylketonuria lack the ability to process phenylalanine to tyrosine due to absence of an enzyme, This results is decreased metabolism.
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    • Pleiotropy is a condition where a single gene is responsible for control of multiple unrelated traits of an individual
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    Select the correct match

    • Genetic disorder is a result of harmful mutation
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    • Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. The individual will posses 3 copies of chromosome 21. The disorder causes intellectual impairment of the mutant.
    • Sickle cell anemia and hemophilia are examples of monogenic mutations wherein HBB gene chromosome 11 and F8 gene in X chromosome are mutated, respectively.

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    • Genetic disorder is a result of harmful mutation
    • Genetic disorders can be classified as chromosomal, multifactorial and monogenic in nature
    • Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. The individual will posses 3 copies of chromosome 21. The disorder causes intellectual impairment of the mutant.
    • Sickle cell anemia and hemophilia are examples of monogenic mutations wherein HBB gene chromosome 11 and F8 gene in X chromosome are mutated, respectively.

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    • Mutagen is the agent that causes mutation
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    • Viruses and other infectious agents are biological mutagens

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    • Toxic chemicals like smoke, cosmetic products can be classified under chemical mutagens
    • Viruses and other infectious agents are biological mutagens

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    • Harmful mutation results in genetic disorders or cancer
    • Silent mutation show no effect on the organism

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