science
Grade-12
Easy
Question
How many females are in this pedigree?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- 3
- 4
- 6
- 7
Hint:
Female
The correct answer is: 7
- Circle represents female.
- So, in this pedigree chart there is 7 female.
- Square represents male.
Related Questions to study
science
Which individual in the first generation is a carrier?
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKoAAABZCAYAAACucL81AAAWlUlEQVR4Ae2ddcwlNRfGFw/BFgkaICS4k5DgEGRx1wRI4A8gIUDQQHCyuC8ECSwQ3N3dF3d3d3dn++XXj2dy3r69c2fm9hLmbk8ytzOd9rTn9Jnqae8IlylroAUaGNGCPOYsZg24DNQMglZoIAO1FcWUM5mBmjHQCg1koJYU0/jx44e8/euvv4Y824cwrH33999/O11l4WycfD9UAyNQXL7+rwMLJoHym2++cRdeeKHbYYcd3FprreX23HNPd+ONN7pffvnFa5JwNp50ycuPP/7YjRs3zj399NP+euaZZ9wTTzzhTj31VHfIIYe40aNH++vAAw909957b1Ey4tFWtxAk4U0GaocPFR0DslVXXdWNGDFiyDXZZJO5rbfe2r311lu+KACqACtw8eLFF190L7/8svv555/djz/+6MH92WefuSWWWGIIP/jvt99+RbGKR1vdQpCENxmoBqgADnBADz74oJtzzjkLQE000UROl4C7zDLLuLffftuH//PPP4e0THi++uqr7r333vPv9UNNvNxyy3m+E088secJv4MPPlhBhvBpI1gLQRLeZKAGQEW31H6jRo0qQAqQBFK5Autuu+3WsTjefPNN9+677/r3+gCoXZdffnnP2/I66KCDCj5tBKfNcyFIwpsMVANUgenRRx9100wzTSlQARlgXWCBBXwT/8knn7j333/f90s/+OAD99FHH7mHHnqoqFHFG6CqRs1ArY7kDFQDVJp+6KKLLhoC0liNKqCOHDnSnXnmme7222935557rjv22GPdDTfc4K677jp33nnnRWvUDNTqAFXIDFQDVNV6N998s5t88smL5jkGVPqX+M8+++zu9ddf9/p85ZVXPEil3Ndee61rjQoPrtz0S2txNwPVAFU1Ks04TToAmmSSSYb1TyeddFLvz/t1113X/fHHH167APaWW24pNA1Q6Q5A+gjCpj8DtVBX6U0GqgEqYBKgxowZ44EaAytAxZ9+LE2+iFE+tbGIZ/qqln777TfHbIEAKveAAw4ogikfbXULQRLeZKAGQNV8KIA67LDD3FRTTTUMVIBrjjnm8H1ZykLgpga1QGUOlcn+L7/80jF/+tVXX/muwNJLLz2MJ5P+orYCVPmWHCndDNQAqDT/zImqG3Dbbbe5zTbbzM0zzzxupplmcgsvvLBfpWKVSRQDKn5ffPGFIxwT/y+99JKf/Of+pptucpdddpm7+uqr3VVXXeXv8YdU2G12pZeUbgZqAFQBxIIV0DIfSo1J/1UgpvZVeArF1qgKU6ewxKvtbh2Zq4bNQO0AVMAC2Li4h2jCATBk3+m9BarApnDiwyIANSl2AIqnsIPiegUl/slALQGqgIPOWQRgFQojFUjv5OJngRqGAagQTfy+++47ZBpLPAbF9YIm/slArQBUAAQI9957bz8gogxCUOFXBahvvPGG22OPPdwLL7zgizLkMwjPiTHq2WWgVgTq999/766//nqHC4WAwq8MqISHnn32WXfWWWcVTX/IZxCevaCJfzJQKwJV01bqa4aAoly6AVVgVRmGPAblWfKldFsH1JTCp+ZFs37rrbemZpucX78/iOQZds61BqiqyajZfvrpJ2+Khzleysvy/fXXXwuD5x9++MFx6b1cmzZ2pkzuX3755T5eLIwNL57yIz3i4C+/frgs92agVmxGe1EUk+Vnn322u/TSS90ll1zSlwuwnXTSSd4qqmoaxMGK6sQTT6yVt4svvthdcMEF7oQTTvBbXvopF1tqzjnnHD9z0UsZdIs7QdeoKIfaFECwBUS1j2qmFK5qMAxHWDl67LHHhtWq3dIh7rfffusHXd3C8p40P/30U3f++ef7ZdZ+yKV0cAHrhx9+6LHUDXBN308QQKWJVzMfKopmi8lyJt77TVhBMThqQuS7DgHOa6+91n8UdeI1CXvNNdc4DLsh8tlJ19J9t/c2nMI2yVe3OMn7qGRWGZYibCaoFbl4J5KwuLwTD72Xy3sMkkOg4s+KkfhafnXulW/SwyqKwREk/zq8OoW1spFfiFoYubSz1Xv+AyTpoxO/Kv5KE5cPghoc4hn+ZXrTO+WpmwvPflDfgKrMAiCaws8//9wbaVB7oFwopmQpj3gKJ15SNMYeIsIQNgVQLU+a/scff1xe3o3lt64frQJzsd99951v9gEpllUahClByfX7779H9VQnXXiSLqtq9FFtS6F0OvFDr1h9UX5cVBLoHxf/r7/+2l88U84Aux+UHKgIDKC4EOz555/3F8ph+RBrInZuojiIcDEl0Z/aa6+93AYbbOA23XRTf2HFtMIKK7gNN9zQbbHFFt6qaf311/d75DHLg2K8qvgRF9AwGb/xxht7aym2Ne+4447unnvu8bz5UQ1ThWcYhvgU8iOPPOKee+45rw9MAdHRTjvt5NZbbz0v1+abb+6Qi4GZCj7k1e1ZeiVNPgRWwjDsRqfIxerYk08+Wcil8JYvLwHjAw884Ni9gH0tF/YK2M8ussgibrHFFnOLL764W2ihhbxVGR9WP6gvQEW577zzji8AvjgpGwFo3lAYhQMYrWK4R2EQ8eaff/5hdpsyNLbusssu66SgkF+3Z6VHngCo5av76aabzh8UAZChbjw7vScuAxnSgpQ291tuueWwtPlARZ14xvzRNxUBLqDio5CNAgdfSC620Zx++um+NYJPCFbSppuAiWJIu+++e8FH/KhEVA5h+F6fkwOVDGESR01hazkpQRnGegiwolCrbBUeil1yySW9MrRbM+aiJA6JkIIsryr35AfTvZVWWqlQvPbbawOfCgJDanhCVXiHYYiHxb/OAvCM/vnhQAvSkYzc4ycKeZU9qyvEmQJ8FLai4PwAyYPLVhum1aCQJ37UxgIq70X77LNPwUd6Wm211YpyULhUblKgkilqTJoUaktAx4WiuKwiCEtXINyqIcHoyy611FJDCk+FaF2U3RSoSuuYY44p0glBqrRIZ5ZZZvFr9cSzslS9Jx7y6oQVW/ApgQpf9E8f27YCpG+BCkiRa7755vMfq/RhXfqdVDqQzW/rgUq/VIIJqGFBqtbka+XMJYDNqg5NFC6GG/fff79bcMEFCwAJMKEroKrPG6ZV9ozyqfXXWGONrumQLmlxbpSojHfsHfH+DaCSDq2EtdBSnm3TjzxcABa5CI/+dTGeuOuuu/x5WcRXuXHfeqAyR6emLVZY8kNovlb2wDMVhHvkkUf6bRqAl+kavnQUGYLTPvOeGrUpUBmtMiDolo6AymBEJFmqusT7t4DK7ldNr5E/UQyoyL7rrrv6Y4zQ/XHHHednB+677z6/VQZbXGiggMqoVjVqtwKk0BSWLgNzfAIcKzZ1mn7F65amfY/yqVHXXHNND9QysPKOi8GHyPKqck+8fwuoDIIYA0DkTRQDKh8hJxSK7rjjDj/K55mxgspooICKcQVNOUBDMC4VouY65Wf7qMwtsupE31QKKgOqgINrO/FKq4qrgrF9VNXW6qvKJZ2ZZ555SOFXScOGIT2AGrY4+Mf6qNtss42yWOjQ8iu7p2/KEjB9VYiwkO2jats3XSzyJcICTCCne2aBKrCq6Ze+0M/qq69eDKDFK5WbdDAlZTDqB4S2I4+AAFXKZZqG0aRmBlBoCFTm6SwgO92vvPLKxWhT/Ku6KJLaByWLv8BpC4F3dE0kY1X+NhxpAQgdnGYLcauttirSVz6YshJZPlXu0TfNPyBD7yILVNLhCE2OHoLgC1mg0tdlDjUk5mGVT7lMT6k8w/C9PicHKgqiGWZqhMERXQFNj/AOQDL5D0hp7vGDYkAFgNNOO62bccYZ/cV2ZfbTzzbbbH7rMs+832ijjRw1OVSlEMMwxGMkDjAApxQvl9E+/TYKIYxb55l0mJbj8DTmN+lDMt9M2ttuu62bfvrpC1k53ILFBumnTjrE0UwL5UDtyLw0xES95Jp77rn9eVnwtoSdgwZiDI7pt1LxAHouyg8+iy66qJ9CZBqRSoVFi9YAVQpFcAYqjOARGuFwn3rqKV84Aq+UJKCqFmZelDlAwE48Lk5r5gAzRqIoDj/4U9B8HEq7riswoGSsi2hyV1xxRV/LcsI0TaioLm8bHh6kIXCSb+6pYRlhk45kRW5ARt4sj7r3pEllAV8+jKOPPtqtssoqbv/99/c6DOXimbMM1PRTG2sJlfKkKwB4KS/Ab5dR1d0Tz5Ru8hrVKpKM8kxzd/jhh/u+q22GeCcKgSp/69J/ZTDDenVINt2m9+JJATBdc/fdd8vLu0352nhDGJoH0qPmCsnGbXovnnwYxx9/vP845Idr57h5tkC14XTPAItlZT6AkMhjP6ivQFVNhQEGfZpwmgOhFCYEaqxQ+GJZHcKAQxQL19SPj4j8kI6OkCSdpvyqxIM/rQ0zD6eddpoXywKnCo9uYaRjalW6EzrIDX/iWhm5jwGVcOLDJse1117bMTsAiY/y4T0T//QdqGrisWSneYPCgsCvG1AJQ8f+lFNO8V2AUDlSUi+ueFJTYBByxhln+IKUfy+8O8WFNzUUAxoA1ClcU3/4c0E0/ZwpgGUYFOOJvwWqDSM+7LLYZJNN/Bwr4WPl6RNI+NNXoCIkwlFTAUQNnmKCdQMqfAR6XPqk+FlF9nqvgiCf1D70xch7mN9e07HxlSZlKhlTyiVe8Kf/T9+TFk7+Ni/cQ2VARRf0S/mPA2ZLeA7145kk/ukrUKV4BIFQBH6hknhXBahSZBg/VHbTZ/GVjnnmgwgLoin/TvGULq6uTmGb+sNXxD0fYIwXYToBFT0wyFV54sb0o3RSun0HqhQUKiUUAqBysh21WYxsfN7b537ck28KQv3WfqRheZKe0sS171LdKw25Mb7otgyo6IR4Nq9hfmPl16tfcqBKCQJT1QzSHDFI0nxoWTwpCheSoriPKT/7Vf/TO3TYCahV9egLJfFPcqAijJZDr7zySsdmMlacyi7CsC35iCOO8GCtEgd+bC1mTlVNUVVF5nCdgTvBABVBmageO3asn8hmGY/nsosJby7mW8vC2XdYaTHgYU5V3YUMwM4ArKIbWqYQqGqtqsRXGM8k8U/yGpX8ASjM9PpNjGLp12o1S4rKbn3ACqSUGQsPLPFa4n1V0Np4qe6TADXMDLUozXeMUoEI3upiqF+biveExkflxIrcnXfe6XbZZRd36KGH+h0CWrtvPVAREiHoJ3Jxz/o1htAxqvpVloFFfFl7ZvIaniLFK0tHYau64jlortUbLSD/1oI1lYxWMIzBUAe7Ckjyl+mWMP2gxjWqhKSvyNIoxiGsPNFv5Kvceeed/TZmljz5OvnDL7bdIoimOCR4FZf0lCYTzljxYKSy3Xbb+WVBanDZsuqDCflKgSieXQWsV5ddyIERRshnUJ4FOM7ZmnLKKQuAhhZk8847b2GHINkVV8/WlZ5Tuj0DFWBi7EA/kTVyXMAbsyXFMAWyQtW5B4AYHfNRACDSWmeddbyCUS7bnWX1I2Bb/kqbc55kgQWv2IVcrPc//PDDPeXZpv9fu0cw9DD11FMXOkSP1h6Xe2pY/nKIlTrpsEwWHyjxT2OgqlbEFA/QWGLtWtb5akZwsaQXlQkae0c8QMoBCNoaDRg5qMGmgY0ktS0UfvXyYwBGrdyNWCYcN26cDxbLU5v9JDs2pNKfBSiA5dI/FxKG6UCom9zindJtDFRAAAEc1nwhBIBSAxWeDJywZVXnHj/ywEkqKBGlSuHbb799dG5VcQAqBi56jimed2xuk8VXLEyb/ZAPnYZ/ICyAylWNim6rbmz0ik380xioAmUnoOrwCIEHt2mNisxMl2AOB+kjCYEqsM4111zFiXUxfdGfFVA7gY14gw5Ulq0xEKdsBMzQBaja/88+KaiTzuQf03mvfq0BKn1G9lmhDLodUAyoKJpNa/SHORuA/T+YpbEsiP0kfwGJ8bD6W/CQgq0L/0EHKjIyFdUNqAIvq4FQN/sHHyjxT2uAygYz7d4sAypKHzlypLviiit8DcxgiP1OnBoC2JmZwM5U/eoJFajIDaGfGWaYwYNVtSeuvdApNa/69cTtpDc+9n7Qfx6oUijAYkQPSLsBlT1BmJ9BzAxQE4gPfjT96ld3UjjhBrlGRW5qRoij5vm4AWTs4rQ+9dUJb1ue2L1nmvgnCVDDvTN00hEuFJqNZaKYgDE/FMoFONm5avef46/BlNKaYoopPDCVDgM7aletXhEHYxkBlTShMG38BhmoyKsmHFlZNh01alQxVYU+Z511Vj9HzQIOhO5CPcWefeDEP42BSqYhwMMEunYosgzHwEfH5AhAuEcddZSPU1VgqwQiUjuyOxPFqcbkTFGlwQERNOuWODYoBCrmhOHHZePongWKQZ5HpRxUjsiMfjm7lWkoWh3KVkRZVC03xUnpNgYqNRyZZ/RMvw+w2ovBCwBBYC7udZBBVYEtUKVUakb2/gBYFho4YYRzVJmSsidEqwBCoKI8tlyzh4vVKQZX7FVioMUz9wzAyD/7s8TT5mVQ7wUsZldYBBHVlVfxUrqNgQoQaDrUz7GZ4kgfu1PUvgPgTYCKsmxclkuZ2MeOVRP8pKNwhIVCoPKej4s5WcDORaFQk/DB0Q+WHx8eBt36KOsWWJvCS0ZWF9mpOnr0aK+/JmXlIyb+aQxUCgEhQkHIH/0dtkdrct4WWCyOfV92r7RwIay0OGaH7buQ+lwKh18MqD6w+aEfe/LJJxfbf80rD3zxK8tb29/pw2bajkM3sM2QX13ZrP5S3fcE1JgAZIwai5FkvwyaUSDgYV6VSWgtc6pWUL7ISwyoei+XiW8Mve1gb0IAp+RHVl34Mc7AXiO2cU9xytxU4LR8kgMVgelH0mRSw5UJ1PSdAElnf8yYMb7PCq8wvapAZQaAffz0oyFbaE3z2LZ4khlXBFB5riuL4qd0+wJUBIOaCFlFKfBVs0Q6qmHxtxfvYtNTNg3iYuTCPC1dFd71K9823f/ivZVbemyST1/4iX+SA7WJYE3jWF1YHgJuDKh6p/AqHPGSf3brb2eRzqTLlG6rgSrFWBfgQQCSvhbG1QyUMJ6hdtV7GyffNwdlTHcpASpeAwFU1YooDWJljKklpq3YaMjAAJdpKNb7mdiGiGevmNKzX30Qe+Um/hkYoEovDOKYD+XAXAFX7xgcAFoAC5jDbkAGZX1QxnQmfad0BwKoUghAZMKe5VzI1paAkgvCXgAwEz6m6OzXG2C9khP/tB6oavbRC7WoVqnC2tKCFoACVJn6ZWD2BsxQf4kx6tkNBFABIQRIWQSAQuXZZ95j24qtQLewNl6+rwZor9TEP60HKuARUBkoyQywDFTokL6qTgMpC5vfVQOn1VNijHp2AwFU9T0x/7P/3KxugVWiQE3tWwXUNm6+rwbaDNTxnRWFcmSvqoMoLLAAqPqtrP9jPUV4Gybfd9ZvHd1koJYAFUVC9FEx0xNYQ6UxLcV7BlLEidW6dQolhx0O7lDnKZ4Houm3YKHW1PQTgyVWp7CxxKVbwPQVpmzEUQ1r4+f74cCrq5MUwAx5DBRQ1bwjJDWq/lCNVSpqUXYG9Mv0sG5hDnL4EGQpngcKqLbwpRzW9/lHPNsVsOHyfe81aKhD6T6lO7BARXkQe544X0mb+ah1c780PTgtWFMCVLwGHqgcmsDRl3Z7tFVqvk8PWoErpTvQQGWwhDE0Rig0/RmU6UEZ02lKgIrXQANVTbyEjSk1+6UHr/Sd0h2RklnmlTXQLw1koPZLs5lvUg38D30Dr7I3KfBVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Which individual in the first generation is a carrier?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
scienceGrade-12
science
Pedigrees are used to______.
Pedigrees are used to______.
scienceGrade-12
science
What does a vertical line coming down from a square and circle that are connected by horizontal line indicate?
What does a vertical line coming down from a square and circle that are connected by horizontal line indicate?
scienceGrade-12
science
What do half colored symbols represent?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
What do half colored symbols represent?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
scienceGrade-12
science
What is the purpose of using a pedigree?
What is the purpose of using a pedigree?
scienceGrade-12
science
When examining a pedigree, what 2 things should you first determine about the trait being shown?
A. Whether the trait is sex-linked or autosomal.
B. Whether the trait is dominant or recessive
C. Whether individuals are male or female
D. How many individuals are in the pedigree
When examining a pedigree, what 2 things should you first determine about the trait being shown?
A. Whether the trait is sex-linked or autosomal.
B. Whether the trait is dominant or recessive
C. Whether individuals are male or female
D. How many individuals are in the pedigree
scienceGrade-12
science
Polydactyl refers to _______.
Polydactyl refers to _______.
scienceGrade-12
science
What pattern of inheritance is shown in the pedigree?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
What pattern of inheritance is shown in the pedigree?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
scienceGrade-12
science
The physical characteristics or expression of a gene is referred to as ______.
The physical characteristics or expression of a gene is referred to as ______.
scienceGrade-12
science
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
scienceGrade-12
science
How would you write a homozygous dominant genotype?
How would you write a homozygous dominant genotype?
scienceGrade-12
science
Which of the following genotypes is dominant?
Which of the following genotypes is dominant?
scienceGrade-12
science
Incomplete dominance means that there traits are
Incomplete dominance means that there traits are
scienceGrade-12
science
On a pedigree, this symbol represents a ----
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
On a pedigree, this symbol represents a ----
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
scienceGrade-12
science
On a pedigree, this symbol represents a --
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACoAAAAgCAYAAABkWOo9AAAAuUlEQVRYCe2XQQrEIAxFc09P4oU8glsvIHgMQXDjBTIEupksHEtq05lJ4C/EWh9PpRXGGKgdXCjQhqT5V+oRoCklrLVOed9AQwjovd8evoqnQZ1zCADbY6BXWzajZvT42Nipl24FO0xSg3y8GeVGpG0zKjXIx5tRbkTa/h+jOWeMMW6P2Ch/wV3t0z8ld4HxeX4LtLWGtDc1s2SU7tP0oHY+3ut771hKUQ9xzApmnU/qM9CrV+NrjL4AZBYMECfP2BMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
On a pedigree, this symbol represents a --
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scienceGrade-12