In prophase I of meiosis I __________ occurs.

What structures exchange genetic material during crossing over?

Hemophilia disease is produced in the male by how many gene/s?

• Genetic disorders can be chromosomal, multifactorial and monogenic
• Hemophilia is a blood disorder that delays blood clotting or hemostasis
• Blood clotting is a result of cascade of reactions done by clotting factors (1 to 12)
• Absence of clotting factor VIII or IX causes hemophilia
• Gene (F8 or F9) responsible for hemophilia is present in X chromosome

How do genetic disorders happen?

• Genetic disorder is due to alteration in gene sequence
• The gene sequence change can occur in a cell irrespective of type of cell division a cell undergoes
• Mutation can occur at any point of cell division
• Trisomy can be attributed as a result of meiosis

In Down’s syndrome of a male child, the sex chromosome is

• Down syndrome is a genetic disorder 
• It is a trisomy condition having extra copy of chromosome 21
• The individual affected will have disability associated with nervous system
• Sex chromosome remains unaffected irrespective of the disorder

Which one is a hereditary disease?

• Pleiotropy is a condition where a single gene is responsible for control of multiple unrelated traits of an individual
• Individuals with phenylketonuria lack the ability to process phenylalanine to tyrosine due to absence of an enzyme, This results is decreased metabolism.
• Leprosy is caused by Mycobaterium leprae
• Cataract and general blindness are caused due to environmental interferences

Select the correct match

• Genetic disorder is a result of harmful mutation
• Genetic disorders can be classified as chromosomal, multifactorial and monogenic in nature
• Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. The individual will posses 3 copies of chromosome 21. The disorder causes intellectual impairment of the mutant.
• Sickle cell anemia and hemophilia are examples of monogenic mutations wherein HBB gene chromosome 11 and F8 gene in X chromosome are mutated, respectively.

Which of the following can increase the rate of mutation?

• Mutagen is the agent that causes mutation
• Mutagens can be classified into physical, chemical and biological mutagens
• Electromagnetic radiations come under physical mutagens
• Toxic chemicals like smoke, cosmetic products can be classified under chemical mutagens
• Viruses and other infectious agents are biological mutagens

Genetic mutations can be...

• Mutation is caused due to alteration in the normal gene sequence of an organism
• Beneficial mutation has positive effect on the organism and helps to thrive in difficult situations as well. Example for beneficial mutation is development of lactose tolerance in humans.
• Harmful mutation results in genetic disorders or cancer
• Silent mutation show no effect on the organism

What do gene mutations change?

• DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material of all eukaryotic organisms and few prokaryotic organisms
• Mutation refers to change in the sequence of genetic material of an organism
• RNA or ribonucleic acid is genetic material of few viruses alone
• Lipids and proteins provide energy and form building blocks of life, respectively. They do not have any role in genetic mutation.

Are all mutations bad?

• Not all mutations are harmful
• Condition where the normal gene sequence of an organism is altered is called mutation
• Mutation can be classified as beneficial mutation, harmful mutation and silent mutation
• Evolutionary changes can be attributed as an example of beneficial mutation
• Cancer, Antibiotic resistant bacteria and many more are examples of harmful mutation

Any change in the sequence of DNA is...

• Change in gene sequence is termed as mutation
• Mutation are caused by mutagens
• Mutagens can be physical, chemical or biological in nature
• Not all mutations are harmful
• Evolution is a result of mutation

What do we use pedigrees for?

• Pedigree chart helps to analyze the traits of individuals in a family
• The pedigree chart helps to determine the occurrence of genetic disorder that runs in a family
• Pedigree chart is represented in the form of boxes and circles (males and females, respectively)
• Normal, carrier and affected individuals can be distinguished in a pedigree chart

Which sex chromosomes would indicate a typical human male?

• Females carry XX chromosome
• Males carry XY chromosome
• Males decide the sex of the offspring

In order to trace occurrence of a trait through several generations of a family, you could create a ____________.

• A karyotype chart represents the image of an individuals chromosome
• Chromosomal map represents the genes present in a chromosome
• Hemoglobin is a protein present in red blood cell
• Pedigree chart is a tool used to analyze the passage of traits between generations

Which chromosome is affected by hemophilia?

• Hemophilia is a blood disorder
• Individual with hemophilia does not posses clotting factor VIII or IX
• The genes for producing clotting factors are present in X chromosome