Question

Which of the following statements is true for phytovolatilization?

1. It is a method in which particular plant species are utilized to immobilize pollutants in the soil and groundwater.
2. It is the process of pollutant uptake/absorption and translocation by plant roots into plant shoots, which can then be harvested and metabolized for energy and metal recycling from the ash.
3. It is a type of phytoremediation that removes hazardous chemicals and excess nutrients by filtering contaminated groundwater, surface water, and wastewater through a mass of roots.
4. It is defined as the uptake and removal of a pollutant by a plant, followed by the release of the contaminant or a changed version of the contaminant into the atmosphere by the plant during transpiration.