Question
The diode used in the circuit shown in the figure has a constant voltage drop of 0.5 V at all currents and a maximum power rating of 100 milliwatts. What should be the value of the resistor R, connected in series with the diode for obtaining maximum current
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- 1.5
- 5
- 6.67
- 200
The correct answer is: 5 ![capital omega](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAANCAYAAACZ3F9/AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAMyZLetQAAAKVJREFUeNpjYMAODIB4IRC/BuJfQPwJiFcBsQ4DHlAPxMeB2AeI2aBiPECcA8QvgdgWm6ZaIJ6Jx1AXIL6FLqgBxJcYCIO7QKyGLDAFiBOJ0LgFajMcXANieSJtlEQW+EGEJlEgfoou+A0pFHGBEiBuRhc8CMQeBGwDeUcYXSIDqhkb4APio7gMZgLik0A8AU0clFouAHE4Nk0fgPg/EmYjUo50AACiFiKCmlmLSgAAAE90RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIj48bWk+JiN4M0E5OzwvbWk+PC9tYXRoPhm6nyYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
The current through circuit ![i equals fraction numerator P over denominator V end fraction equals fraction numerator 100 cross times 1 0 to the power of negative 3 end exponent over denominator 0.5 end fraction equals 0.2 A](data:image/png;base64,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)
\ voltage drop across resistance = 1.5 – 0.5 = 1 V
Þ
.
Related Questions to study
Current in the circuit will be
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQoAAACSCAYAAAC9iYRTAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAAFxEAABcRAcom8z8AACH4SURBVHhe7d0HkF5V+cdx/M/ojMKEagFCF4fQBIRIjRHpEJSA0kIIEFogoPROKBGpCUVCkRIQ6VWCICgtIAICoQhIgtKUIAgoNkTPP5/DnuXm3Xf3zcKWd8nznbmz2Xvfe3ez997fedp5zhwpCIKgASEUQRA0JIQiCIKGhFAEQdCQEIoa/vWvf6Vbbrkl7b///mmnnXZKJ554YnrmmWdajr7P008/nY477rg0YsSIdNppp6VXXnml5Uj7uMZBBx2Uz9lll13y9sMf/rDlaBA0NyEUFf7973/nl3errbZKRx99dBo1alRaZZVV0vDhw9Pvf//7/Jlp06al7bffPn9mv/32S6uvvnoaPXp0+uMf/5iP1/Lee++lm266KX39619PK6+8ctp3333TIYccknbbbbe05JJLpu9973v5mkHQzIRQVHj33XfTrbfemu64446WPSmNGTMmLbHEEumGG27I319wwQVpmWWWSb/97W/z9+PHj09f+tKX0sSJE9N//vOfvK/K7bffngVhnXXWSb/5zW9a9r7PxRdfnPr165eGDh2apk+f3rI3CJqPEIoGEALCwB3561//mq0L1sH//ve/fPyXv/xlWmuttbKV8Le//S3vK7z11ltp2223TQsvvHD6+c9/3rL3A/773/+mPffcM80777z5eLlmEDQbIRQd8Prrr6e99torj/ivvfZadi823HDDtNFGG7V8IqUnn3wyDRs2LB144IHpL3/5S8ve93nppZfSwIEDs5C8+uqrLXtn5sILL0zzzz9/dnm4PkHQjIRQtMM///nPdNZZZ+XgY3FFXnzxxbTxxhtnsSg8//zzae+9984WRa1QEJd11103DRo0KL355pste2fmiiuuSAsssECaMGFCCEXQtIRQ1IFLcOWVV+aAI5ejuAR/+MMfskgQi4IMyI477ljXonAdArLiiiu2yZwUiNFSSy2VHn300ZY9QdB8hFDU4Wc/+1n67ne/mwObVQQct9566xyYLOJx9913Z/GQLv373/+e91V54oknsutyyimnpH/84x8te99HtmPzzTdPRxxxROv1Ik4RNCMhFDXITKhxuO666/L30pushilTpuR/n3766Tk4SSBYDKeeempac801s6jUvuR//vOf08MPP5x+/etf5xoKgVFxD4htHHbYYemkk05KL7zwQvrVr37VRkiCoFkIoaggLsGSWHzxxXPB1VFHHZVrKbbbbrscdMTUqVPTkCFD0vrrr5/rKDbbbLN0zDHHpLfffjsfr0IgxCiOP/74NHjw4PS5z30uCwwIztxzz53TrwKmI0eObBWRIGg2QigqGNGvvfbaXEDlxWVZiD+MHTt2pqKo5557Lh155JE50KkW4p133mk5MjN/+tOfcuGWCk8b64P1wPJgQYhfSLfuuuuuOSaiKjToXR566KF0zjnn5HhU8AEhFBVkKaQ066GGwsPD3ajljTfeiJe8j8OaO//883Mqe9FFF0333ntvy5EAIRQtKJa66qqr0ve///02GQhCcP3112frgZgUiMYjjzySH7DJkyfnys6CKk3XkVqtdSlYLvfdd1+67bbbQmC6ENbawQcfnMaNG9epoPCkSZOy5SibxaVUah9CMTMhFDMQpHzwwQfTsccem+demJtRhatx8sknpx/84AcziYgsx80335zjGWIY1WAkC0S5t2uKVVQtES7JCSeckI+pwwi6hnvuuSfNMcccqX///vmeNkJdDNdQFks2i/unnsX3Km6DDwihmAErwUstZqAe4sc//nEuvy48/vjjOegouCl1Wnj55ZezNeEcDxgBKKjiJCyHHnponidStTbUVAiAut4vfvGLSIl2Eay0z3zmM3nuTUdC4V64JzvssEMORrtHBP+pp57K91MWK4RiZmZ7oVANKRNBCBQ/CWQJXpYJXCwBI9Xhhx+eheTSSy9traCU4lQ/IfXJ3H3sscdaX3r1E4TggAMOSD/60Y9ahYcVwuUwknlAHZNtCT46999/f5pzzjnTgAED2hWK3/3ud9m9NPt35513Tpdcckl2M2xS4O5/CEVbZnuhkM1Q3+DhEW8gGlKk3A8iUdwLQsH/JSYsCRjBuA9Exle+rgdU3OGnP/1pFgriQkQ8oBCvYL3ImrAq1FGUKezBR6MjodAzhKVomr82AQYDM3udQyTuvPPO7FaGUNRnthYKI7kSbSIgLUoYvNBGe4FLcQYvtgeMEHAlvNhGHuarAKeUJ7dDdaVzWBvmdZx55pk5DuEYQWBFuD6/WLzDg+q6PnPXXXfNkk8ddMwDDzyQhcJs34J7LKAs9vTNb34z16xcc801OT1N6A0M/v61QmFf8AGztVBwBy6//PJsUTz77LN5X0mT6VzF2jDaO+6FZ2WwBDxEROTcc8/NDxax8XkzQM0SJQbEgZuiMlMFJitCZoV7wl3xPcFRjHXZZZdll4XIsFZcO+g83MW55porLbfccvl7MSNCvskmm+QyeuJNGFgR3En3sWxFKNxnKVJZrOADekUobrzxxmzqe0l6azOicwvMwSgWAnzlQrAyPEwePi+2UUizGnGFq6++utXy0LCGoCj59lA6x4PIHRGolFq1n4iIaXBJtNczmjnmdyEyJpRJ7/GZfdZn/Nza3zu2+pv7uMcee6RPfvKTacEFF8zunqI5L704kX4fsk/cjKpA1ArFRRddlCfxmRCoerbez2r2zbPtK+u3VAJ/VHpcKJjY8tRf/epX03e+851e2wSzttxyy/yi1+KBYQWwLEwD94fns7IWPIDiFFJpsh0EgiXA7PU5aVJC4iYJaDJ9iQyrhKty9tln52vwmcUyWBZcGg8w94SACo7yo7fYYou6v3tsbbdvf/vb6Rvf+Eb61Kc+lf7v//4vfeITn8iiQXANBO4PMagnEjbHxKgI9fLLL5/WXnvtuj+nL2xSvf4esj+e866gx4XCiK2ZSzObdkZ2LkVRaCM+8RDYJAysBfuN+F5wsDAIhX0+f8YZZ+RJYVwKNRrEwKjnvPPOO691bgiLhTgUd0f8orTZCzoHi22eeebJdRSySV4STYZYBqw8YlFPJGxV14NIKOXu6/h/92mhYE1U6xGaDSN9CXLKdBANhVFeeg8ca4Pb4kaU2AYLgQAIaopjCGwWd8a5gpauJXbB/SgpUe4HESE+rivuQWCCzuPeCGaWGIWSe9bZeuutl7bZZptsBYoRcftqrYsiFB+nrIcBiGXRFYRQtAN/VgyCe8FvLU1pWA5ean4vK6CUZwuMir0QipLlKAiqGeGIC1PYaFWyHCaUERXiIp0qYFqvr0XQmCIU0qOlEtZXAmHGr16n1dhTyXiEUDQmhKId9KAQS2AFSJ0W60DFJbeCgJgbUoqvvPhMW1YB60E1Z4EYsFBci2tRnZnoutJ3zuOWGPHKQx50DkKhMlN6tDbdTOAJOOtCsyAZEC6hc0IoGhNC0Q5SlIRAzMEIVCouzedQ/stysL+KOSGsDcHO6kQw53oIXUvwstq7wjHnqdPgH1cnnQWdQ7xIMLO9uR7uXZkAtummm2Zx5gaqqXAviXQIRX1CKDrAKGS0KZWYBRaBqr7aFcIUWhmZuBa1VgHhEMA1n6B2/Q8WBzO4mqYNOo/7RQTEJYqw12I/MZZ9YlmIXRBoIiOILM4UQtGWEIoO8FB54es9dEasevt9vj3Xob1roaNjwazhb8hqmJWp+8Sa2FtXRUpRzMkzKZZk9qgamL5OCEUQdBGsOVaENCrrQv3Kqquu2sat7IuEUARBF8NtMR9kscUWSwsttNDHooQ7hCIIuglVtLvvvvtMWau+SghFEHQjJu+VtHdfJoQiCIKGhFAEQdCQEIogCBoSQhEEQUNCKIIgaEgIRRAEDQmhCIKgISEUQRA0JIQiCIKGhFAEQdCQEIogqKAnqe7ZmhdbVKl24WczRD1vjlvHpbQ17AhT/s370LrQcgs6k1kxri8RQhEEM/Aya5RrNXkLDlsJTNMZa4pahAl6mVonRZOaDTbYIH3ta1/LfTM7amCsMZHlFr74xS/mPpumn5uGro2/Noi1jYyalRCKIJiB5kGaEVvmQDd0L7/OVRYAKs+XvhJrrLFG/sxLL72UG9MsvfTSuaFxvUZBeqKOGjUqLb744rnZsXN0StfNTAPkRRZZJB+3v9kJoQiCGXjRzfS0wYxPrseGG26YnnnmmbxPw+KVVlqpddq4/qRWD2N11HY792xaLoHQ6HxV7W0KLsuwYcPSAgsskJeLbHZCKIKgghdYI2Tt7LzIGuYWEdl2222zO1I6n1s6wdKDFsbR47SKvqZ6bhKK9lrhiXGwKnRhF/toZkIogqCCZRLWX3/9tOyyy+av1mHhlrAIilBYbBrcCC/Qdtttl/9dhVCMGDEixyas61IPa5haqo/FUXt+sxFCEQQtsBy4HOIT2tkZ6b3oWvAb8QlCVSiIgfU9BChrsx9Wb+OqEALd1Osh8yHGYe0Wz3IzE0IRBO1g4SbNcQUtvfg77bRTDmYW10Ow0krlBKQ2BgHrr1jsWCCzFp27LQWw7rrr5pXGmp0QiiCYgdb8FiaeOnVqy573FwFaYYUVWoONaieWXHLJvBobfN7zZ73XWovA9Vgm1vSQcrUUYYljSLNajX7kyJH5OGukBFGblRCKIJiBwKRlGtVPqJUgDmISLIKS9ZDtsE7HZpttlmMXOm07Xm/FeIszjR49Oi8+beW2fv365aIrWFaSy0FgrCbmOpYkbGZCKIJgBhb84Sqob9h4441zIJNrYGnAKoKdLIFBgwZlt8N6o/VQpEUofG7w4MG5yMoKbhCzULRlP6GRYamtAG02QiiCoIJ6iOnTp6dXX321XXdAPMJxLkR7lEyJz5XPFvfEV9+XY9amrbe+aTMRQhEEQUNCKHoA0XNFN7MygSgImpEQih7ApCDBK3l1olFM0CDoK4RQ9ABjxoxJ/fv3zxFzUXUR887MGuQ3P/LII3luQXurmwcfDauWV+MIVewTr6id+OVeqK9o9vhCVxBC0QOIpG+yySY5PWZa8mqrrZaXx7/lllvqFurU8tBDD6X55psvi0zt5KPgo0MA/I3NApXlqIqxwij7brzxxjbTyQU9uZRPPPHETOe4ns9OmzatbkDUeeo1iExfIYSiBygpN2kxD6TJQGYcKgdWJqywp6P1KaXg5phjjrT22muHUHQDpnmrZ5CmvOyyy2b6G7Myzj///FxmzaorgkBA3Es1EuPHj88FVgXWiWdSgZZ7W7VS/PuCCy7I12Mh1lopzUoIRQ9AKOTRb7/99jxByMOjt4FZiiyL5ZZbLs8ZUMrrIatF7p5QaHwSQtG1eOFvvfXWfI8UPhGF6gQtloHOVI5PmjQpfx4sBd+zEBVOKdgqqMDkXjpmUKhajYRHzMox1khfsSpCKHqAqlCYYHTXXXdlsbCxMvQtUHwzcODAXMmnArDq9zonhKJ7MMFr3LhxOdBslNeqTpVksRwUQokxqdr08pfp4IRBBaeirGJtFOtA/Ml1lG6fddZZeU4IHOem+LzrXXjhhXliWV/gYyEUfP1mplYoiAOxsE2ePDkLBh/YA8TCEIvwoJXSYMJBKIhJs/ct6EsQXVadSVs33HBDnvZ99NFH51hFsexYc/ZxEQlKmRBGQFgGhx56aHY/nE9cbITGi0UoWCPKuUEofM7niyWiPLwvuB8fC6HQ67CZGTt2bBYKD2KtUNi4IeIQBOO6667LvrLOSUTDZ51HKFwj6DoEG4nAmWeemS0EAUZirZelkd7zxVrlFhITx8QlWHsPP/xwFgpt8co17BeruOKKK7IYeLlsppNzMVxPLMT1fCUiBo9qfKNZ8Qz3WaHgL5r2e9xxx+U/uJvaTBtLx+xA/QpkPfik9YSibKyLclzAa5dddklbbrllGjp0aBaKVVZZJV/ztttuq/vzYpv1TX9MVhsB8LeH2MTEiRNzl2wugjgEd8P3P/nJT/IL7m9vv7iGYKVMFrFgHRAXRXWCm6wPn3Gun+Par732WmsnboODr6wXx1gV3CAWjIHBfa73e/fkRuAMXn4/v3efFQpmnpFXcxFZBRNsmm0z+efzn/982nTTTfOkoI6EouxnukrJmYqsS9Jcc82VhWKeeebJcQp9HOv9rNhmbdMDwleTughGCV4a8Qm7eIUXlZXBahBDIhxcSFkRMYgiIGIT3AmWg/umoM7oK4ipiS7BJzAyHILVrs1qdG2C4gUUw2BVsFjc2/XWW6/N79zTm7+RCW16cPi9CV+ftygEjNwkGYVm25iqUqEsCn0MOhIK6s2qMGoZ2QS8hgwZkm8YoZBOdc1m/b/2pc194WrUBofFhVioninuIBfi6quvztkPFoD97iNhEHhmRYghEQcuByvCC8/CFU8q3/vqOj7n84SBNeFnued+rmOHHHJIvn4z3GPWjd9VpobF1OdjFMy4ZsYo0ihG4WHxbyauHoqqOI14Hhj7CYW1JILuxUgvReoFltVw70oakyXgpScYrAT3yn4Wif3F+uCSaGrD4p0yZUr+XkyCsHjhWBBcDbE1xwgGC4SFQlCakT4doyhCwZ9qZtrLenBFStZDByRpuOJCab9WKgG5IYSC2xFZj+6FheE+CVDKaHANSuqTaLMwWHqEwT0sAcwJEybkc8Q8CALBgSpM37MU3F8iVKo13V9rhzjPi8hK4bo0I363EIpupp5QEAimrRHEKEMEuBlGKQ9XNWUWBVc9iwWAWBRqJFgPpZmurwRC2tP+8lKrqlV8RQgOO+ywHMfQYwKKrSxRSFwcF/vw3IJguN9SpUcccUQWG/0pmpEQih6gKhTSal58AuFh05hVNyUmaMnR18JEJRTiMWFRdD+ClawAL7eYRHnpvcRcCAJiP0EHF0PAjxCwDgRESx2Gr753jLWhi5bPg8CwKokSgZFlaNaBIISiBzBa6LNYgpXMTwFOczeYt0amjuZ68HMHDBiQMyB9Iefe1yEM4hHujdhBse6ItAyH/VYRKy4EiAYh4JoITBYxcK77K9ZBLKqzhh2TDWFRsioEDpuVEIoewAMkECk4tvfee+cU2O67756DZLMye1TATHqOxVF1SYLuw7oeMk+1rfS5JRrvsgqLCwGWADdCXYUsQRVzP6S6rTpWK/TEhyUhI9LM5dwhFD2AkUQ/Cu7H8OHD82hUVsgOmhOpdy987SQ9+4k78a6KNgvCftZIsSYKPsf6IAq1Qu97IuN47XnNRAhFD8CSME+Df2tEqo5EQdAXCKHoART2SLFFfCHoq4RQBEHQkBCKIAgaEkIRBEFDQiiCIGhIrwuFl908ffP4O9v2PIQiCHqGXhcKhUTmOKhOq1a6zQohFEHQM/S6UOgZqEekBh+dLThRrGL+gwrHIAi6j14VCi6H+gJNMkqXoc7AXdEeTmlsEATdR68JBWvAC27egyYgH0YoTOedd95506677to6wy8Igq6nVy0KE270krTwSmn0MasQFjMyTb+ee+65c5+HIAi6h14VCmsjaEmvm5NJNrOKiTlm6i211FJZKGz77LNPa0eoIAi6ll4VCo1cVlxxxdz1p3ZWXUfoOWgW5qhRo5Ll+EaPHp3bx2kQEgRB19NrQiG/cfY55+QYxdPPPvv+zlnAlFyrapmRqT+DWZm6VhMJXYdK27IgCLqO3hGK995Lf3vllXTMmDFpjxlWwfOWVXvzTX3DWj7QPmZgypJYMwGrr7567m4NGRSZlCAIupbeEYrnn0+vz3jBj1lyyTR40KD087Fj079PPTX997HHWj7QPlyU0jZOJWe14EodRjM3/wiCvkqvCMX/3ngj/XXEiPTy8OHp9SeeSO+9+64yS296yydmjajMDIKeoXcsCiO/DEUnMh31CKEIgp6h14KZXUEIRRD0DCEUQRA0JIQiCIKGhFAEQdCQEIogCBoSQhEEQUNCKIKgk6j+HTduXF6QuFlXH+9qQiiCoJNYhHjNNdfMs5et/DY7EEIRBJ1En9cvf/nLacEFF8yiMTsQQtGNmIuid0Y9OpqX0pkp90HP8+STT+YWjIssskju+VqL++rZdB8/LvcyhKKb8LA89thjafLkyW3a9Jkqb1SqNVudY+q8JffLxLeCVbX5xr5WHz7/NqPWsc4udxB8OAjFyiuvXFco3I8HH3wwr1jf2a5tzUwIRTfhIdEz49hjj00PPfRQy973IQbjx49Pl19++Uwvt8DYJZdckjt+1fbVmDZtWjr//PPTXXfdlf/fBSJx55135vNefvnllr1Bd0LkV1pppdS/f/82QvHOO++k/fffPzdk0hM2LIq2hFC04Pe644470uGHH57222+/dN1117W+3KwGI86BBx6YxaL6cnsAjzrqqNxs+L777mt1TZxrSYJ99903nXPOOdkiKbz++uvpzDPPTIcddlgWjI/Lg9nMdCQUerl6oTR9JuzlHvZ1Qii6AaM/ERgzZkx+8a1Zon0fvOS33nprOuSQQ9IJJ5yQm/DAC37//fenI488MgvM9ddf3+p+vP3229mUPeigg/J1WSQFP8t1CMVFF13Ubkwk6DqKUNRzPd588820ww47pIUXXjhbeWFRtCWEYgZWO7vpppvyy+5BufDCC9NJJ52UHn300XycBXDFFVfk40cccUTrmiTiGFr8yc2zNogLMxasDtc49NBD8w3TcbwESlkeLJCDDz445/Zj2YLuh1DIetQTCmvNEIqFFloohKIdek0oSiu8ZkCgiyVh5BdnuPvuu7P1oJGwh0YLPyJAKFgIl156aT5PfIKoeOmdr/+nLuUQFBXrGDt2bD7v6quvzkFNonTNNdfkzztOTKTrwv3oXvyN27MoCMWwYcOyUFh35uPCiSee2LeFYtVVV02TJk3KJn1vb/xTAUojP2EAS4JQWF7Ayz116tTsKlDo0047LQuCh4uo2H/KKadk3/bkk09O9957b3Y/WEy+JyqE4txzz82WAzN3woQJWUCIB5HxcPq7gNXhZ9b7XWP78JverB0Jxfbbb59rLNzzeuf3xe34449PW2yxRcv/8qPR40LhRdCmf8CAAWn99ddP6623Xq9t6667btpggw3SzjvvnB+QUtornnD66afn7emnn84ZEKM/s/SGG27ILzkxsRgSt0Pgk2vhxlx11VU5PiELcsYZZ+R4xtlnn52tFSlUokPpCctzzz2Xzzn11FNzJsTPZ2Fsu+22+ffy+9X7vWPr3OZvuc4666Q555wzLb300m1S3AaLkSNH5uPlueztZ/OjbOV3ZyHtsssuLf/Lj0aPCwWMuhdffHEebb18vbVNnDgxWxPqJtQ0FPPfwkZiFoKa3AQxCS+wzxEIQchrr7023XzzzXlFd6OVAKWXnuVgxCIs3BUPIeuJOLAyLFHA0hAc5YYIZjrm4XVtK7DttddeWWhYGvV+79g6t7HcWH0yHksssURdodhxxx3T/PPPn/bcc88chO7Lf/vqezVlypSW/+VHo1eEoi/AihBHEGyU3pTOZBG88MIL2Yqwn8XADXnxxRez0Jx33nlZBIgPkZEFweOPP55FRI0GcWJduIGsK+lR7ougqAeaIHGBIhPStRDv9gquuB6sOFkPFmPQlhCKduAWEAGiQDBYCtOnT8+C4IW3X1yDRSD2wAphOfiszcsvdQqxDAIiHiHOQXRK6pUrwpXh5hAJAjS7TFrqSWQ9VlhhhbTooovWtSi23HLLNN9882VrImhLCEU7CDpyL0qmgxlXgoxlv4CnEajUTnAdWBK1tRPWV2UOlnoLbldJo/o5zGLnSb0SHg9u0LWw6pZffvlsUdQKRQlmck2uvPLKlr1BlRCKdhCvkCb18nq5S+2E/QKUROK4446bqRqTMIhZqI8QYyAsICRcDFaIzXKK5ZggpkCqn0MsxDGIUdC1dCQU7oUyey5jLG9ZnxCKDvBwcSFsshoF7oKAplSprEgJgspayGawHGp93VLqzc0QnyjnEBnXcI44hp/5cSkhbib8zS2OXc/1CBoTQtEBxWWQ3qyWYItTiCkQhaqbwJ0QpxCP8PJXEZMQ87CVNGyB6VtSpqpAg66HUEh91rMogsaEUHSAUd9LLdNRnUIuIyHTYavOJGUJeNFVZ1Y/DwVVyrpdqzaj4bPOUQEa1kT3IIWtu9VnP/vZNiIeNCaEIpgteOutt3KcSX0ECy7oHCEUQRA0JIQimC3h/pWActCYEIo6iDuYr8FcVUhVDylMNRAlzTkrlHNsrl0bxwi6HjEf99D9tHE7Hn744dxUyL1zr5XSC0S7P753jmP2KaaL+xRC0QYPkoIq/SVMqJGyrNbLG4VMIVcPYX6AuolZyb17OPfee+98zu67754nISm0UkcRdB8qbLW5GzFiRBo1alTuO7H55pvneThEQTZLRzP3xP2QxRJ4Vn4/evTotMcee+Qai2rQenYkhKICc1SKUm8CQuBBGThwYH64SnrUg6eKb+utt87HBw0alAVAxqIe5aEzo2+11VbL5yjWMvlo2WWXzQ/p7NI+vjcwh6Zfv35pyJAhuWLW31tdjEl8kIX61re+lT796U/n+8LaMxiYDKhSc6ONNsql+LN7NiqEogIT04N1yy23tOxJed7GYost1jrBi5Ass8wyrS+3Um1Tl5Vl1xt1TPAyY9E0Zym6Ksq19WkkOrW1FUHXoAUAga5tllyFKOhVoW0AiAIrkpXx1FNP5X2zOyEUDTBD1MhfpoWzLvSJKJg2vvbaa+fRqLalHZ+YCOgLoIS7HqwRk5FcP4JrXQ+hMGuU+9Aeeogo7y6fUR+jR4nuZZ2JQX2cCaHoAPEKfu3QoUNzK3/uhSYozNGCNnrEg1lbm5/3wBnNCIlqzloIA6tigQUWyBWbETTresyrYfFtttlm2aXUFb1WtPUV0arfvB33RPm9exoVnB8QQtEOgozcCg/MPffck/d58TfZZJO04YYb5u8hkFniDrVCQRx08xo8eHCbYwUTkQiF9nilHV7QdWgNIDitV0hpNku4ZT0KLAlT0AmIniMCmBoXRU+QDwihaAcVfLIeXIsCUWBRbLzxxi173m/aOnz48HTAAQfkQFgVMQs9KzyE7Y1OBEIMozpRLOg+ZJ9YebJOJeMkWPmVr3wlz+sx69e8m4gZzUwIRR34tawE08wLXmKjk05IMh0FoxELQxq19JioIhi21VZb5VmjYhxVZFBkQ4x0JaoeYtG11GYrTM5zPzSdVcsCQUz3gdhrRViCmsEHhFDUoC+m0ca8AAU4Rh11E3pQeOjEEgQnBR8dN/qsueaara39q3goCYlsh54W+miWzlYeRvl9FoVUHculntAEHx5/T+uxsBJMyHMv3SeLFeslUlw9rfGs+SGgqZNZ3Ie2hFBU4JPKsy+++OI5iFmKrgTBmKXgfmyzzTbZivAZOXhiIcNRCzPXSKV3xVprrZXTrIQI2ul94QtfyGKx22675bqKmGLetchCqZlYY401siUokKkGhqtYnUGqv4i1ZgQ8/TtoSwhFBQ+W4CKx8FBxPwS2CEH1wRLwMiIRCvUT7QUqWQ+sCClQnbU1ulHgw/J44IEHsoC4xj777JNTdO2ViwcfDhYg904g09/Y39rSCLW1EaoxBTzVWkQAsz4hFJ2gJ+IHEaPofeIetCWEIgiChoRQBEHQkBCKIAgaEkIRBEFDQiiCIGhICEUQBA0JoQiCoAEp/T/BNjPBHCrPbwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Current in the circuit will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the circuit, if the forward voltage drop for the diode is 0.5V, the current will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the circuit, if the forward voltage drop for the diode is 0.5V, the current will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A 2V battery is connected across the points A and B as shown in the figure given below. Assuming that the resistance of each diode is zero in forward bias and infinity in reverse bias, the current supplied by the battery when its positive terminal is connected to A is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A 2V battery is connected across the points A and B as shown in the figure given below. Assuming that the resistance of each diode is zero in forward bias and infinity in reverse bias, the current supplied by the battery when its positive terminal is connected to A is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the figure, ABC; is triangle in which C = 90º and AB = 5 cm. D is a point on AB such that AD = 3 cm and
= 60º. Then the length of AC is –
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
the m-n theorem states that
(m + n) cot θ = m cot α – n cot ß
this gives us the cotangent of the angle CDA which is further used in the sine rule to find the length of AC
In the figure, ABC; is triangle in which C = 90º and AB = 5 cm. D is a point on AB such that AD = 3 cm and
= 60º. Then the length of AC is –
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
the m-n theorem states that
(m + n) cot θ = m cot α – n cot ß
this gives us the cotangent of the angle CDA which is further used in the sine rule to find the length of AC
If f(x) =
, then
equals
If f(x) =
, then
equals
The figure shows four wire loops, with edge lengths of either L or 2L. All four loops will move through a region of uniform magnetic field
(directed out of the page) at the same constant velocity. Rank the four loops according to the maximum magnitude of the e.m.f. induced as they move through the field, greatest first
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZoAAAB5CAYAAAAAoef7AAAKAUlEQVR4nO3dP2hT3x/G8ef8cLRgR8XBGB3cGgQHiWIX7wUV7JZJ2kHELlpEM7YFp4C0IrQoiHFKBsGCikaxlrY4KGida2sG/yyCRbPf7yAJrUl+tvGcntzk/YIOvcn55PRW++Se3Pu5JoqiSAAAOPI/3xMAAHQ2ggYA4BRBAwBwiqABADhF0AAAnCJoAABOETQAAKcIGgCAUwQNAMApggYA4BRBAwBwiqABADhF0AAAnCJoAABOETQAAKcIGgCAUwQNAKeMMRu+5ubmao/19vbWtvf399e2T05ObmpMKpVqOmZmZqb2WCKRaDgmn89vakwikWg6Jp/P/3XMzMxM0zGpVGpTYyYnJxuO6e3trW2fm5trOqa/v39TY8bGxup/if/IcIdNAC4ZY8Sfmfjp7+/Xq1evrNQiaAA4tbS0pL6+Pt/TwBbZfINA0AAA6tgMGj6jAQA4RdAAcMoY43sKaIHNxS6CBgDgFEEDK/L5/IZTNgHE2/pTyv+mUqno7t27Wl5ebvg4QQMrBgcH9eHDB6VSKQIHG5w4caLh9jAMZYxRGIbWX9Nl7W6pv/66pj9VKhVdvXpVFy5c0IULF3TlyhXlcjk9fvxYlUqlfkAEWHT58uVIUtTX1xfdu3fP93TQpgqFQiSp9lUoFGJRu5vq24wHjmjazNjYWN2V1HH6ql6JvLS0pKGhIQ0MDGhtbc3zXgXglbXIAqIompiYiCRF+/btiyYmJqIfP374nhI8Gx0dbbg9CIJIUhQEgfXXdFm7W+o3+71VnTt3bsORkaTo/Pnz0a9fv+qeywWbsGZyclI3b97UpUuXNDg4qF27dvmeEtoALWg615UrV/T9+3fdv39fy8vLCsNQ6XRa9+/f3/C8HZ7mhw5TbUb4/v17AgboApVKRR8+fNDly5clSQcPHlQ6nW74XIIGVpw4cYKAATrIwMCAHj582PTx5eVl/fz5U4cPH1alUtGNGzf05MkTvXjxou65nAwAKwgZNGOrAzC21/pbJjQyOzurt2/fas+ePerp6ZEklcvlDbdhqCJoADjV7DoaxFelUtHTp0/16NEjRVGkd+/e6datW7p9+3bD5xM0AIAtWb9sJv2+EdupU6c0NTWlb9++1T1/hySNj49v7ywbGB0dtVKnHX4WH9h//+5f9mE77Ddb/wZs46yzePp/v7PZ2VkdOnRIu3fvlvT7COfLly9KJBK1ZbT1OBkAALBp1WWz6tlmlUpFo6OjevnypR49eqSdO3fWjWHpDABQZ2lpqW7b48eP1dPTo5cvX+rMmTMyxqinp0cLCwt68uSJTp8+3bBW3RHNdh5+u15uaNelBFvYf//OxT7spP9DNnAyQDylUqm65bPTp0+3tAzKEQ0Apzi9GQQNAMApggaAU9WO3ogXm0vABA0Ap0ZGRnxPAS0YGxuzVougAQA4RdAAAOoMDAxYq0XQAHCKs87i6W9NNbeCoAHgFNfRgKAB4EUYhjLGKAzDWNWm/tYRNACc6u3trdtWLBZVKpUkSaVSScVi0drruazdTfV//Phh7TUJGgBOra2t+Z4CWmDzZoYEDYBtl8lkFASBJCkIAmUymVjU7qb6jZpqtorbBABwqtnJAM+ePXP2mi5rd0v9Rk01W8URDQCnOL0ZBA0AwCmCBoBTNNWMp+odNG0gaAA4RVPNeJqYmLBWi6ABADhF0AAA6gwNDVmrRdAAcOrhw4e+p4AW5PN5a7UIGgBOnT171vcU4BlBAwBwiqAB4FSjpppofzTVBBAbNNWMJ5pqAgCcKpfL1mrVNdUcHx+3Vty3TvpZgLjq6+vzPQW0IJFI0FQTQDy8f//e9xTgGUEDAHBqhySNjo76noc1nfSzAJ0gn89rcHDQ9zSwRTTVBBAbNluZYPvQVBMAEBsEDQAvwjCUMUZhGMaqdrfUp6kmgNho1FSzWCyqVCpJkkqlkorForXXc1m7m+rTVBNAbNBUEwRNi4aHh5XL5XxPA4ilTCajIAgkSUEQKJPJxKI29VtT1xkAm/P8+XOrh5ZAp0okEvr06VPd9mfPnjl7TZe1u6V+o99ZqziiacHq6qpWVla0Z88e31MB2p7NnlnYPvv27bNWq+WgyeVyMsbUzlwIw1CLi4vWJtbOvn79qmQyqTdv3tT2wfDwsO9pAYA1Nt8gtBQ0uVxO2WxWURQpiiLt379fpVJJ6XTa2sTa2evXr7WysqL5+XlFUaSFhQVNT09rdXXV99SAtkNTzXhKJBLWarUUNNlsVoVCofb98ePHlUwmrU2q3ZXLZQVBoKmpKUmqLaF9/frV57SAtkRTTWw5aKrLY0eOHKltm5+f18mTJ+3Nqs09f/58Q++masDwmQ0A1Nty0Hz+/FmStH///tq26elpqx8ctbuVlZUNQfv69Wslk8kN+wTAb5ydGU82G6FuOWj27t0rSbXPIw4cOCBJOnr0qLVJtbPqEd2DBw8k/d4P2WxW169f9zktoG3RVDOe7t27Z63WloMmnU4rCAIlk0kZY2rvVrrpRICLFy/qzp07MsYomUyqUChsy0VPABBHLV2w+efFPrZu9xkH165d8z0FAHBuaGjI2lENF2wCcMrmEgy2D001AcQGd9cEQQMAcIqgAeCUzSvMsX1oqgkgNmiqGU9t0VQTANC51tbWrNUiaAA41U1dQzpJb2+vtVoEDQCnbK71I54IGgBehGFYu59VnGpTf+u4lTOaGh8f9z2FWGK/bZTP5+uupSkWiyqVSpKkUqmkYrForY2Ty9rdVN9rU00A2AqaasaT16aaAPCvMpmMgiCQJAVBYPUdu8va1G+NibqpIyaAbWeM6arGu51iZGREExMTVmoRNACcavQZDdqfzTcIBA0AoI7NoOEzGgCAUwQN0EYWFxdrt0fvFIlEQsYYGWM2NNicmZmpbV9/t15JSqVSte3rr1D/c8zk5GTtsf7+/oZj5ubmNjXGGNN0zNjY2F/HLC0tNR0zMDCwqTEjIyNNx1RbwpTL5aZjhoaGNjVm/ZmAf46p9qazeaEtS2dAG8nlciqXy5qamvI9FcAajmjQFnK5XO0d1fDwsO/peDM7O0tvMHQcggbe5XI5ZbNZRVGkKIq0urqqxcVF39PaFn8G7MePH3X06FHf0wKsYukM3hljtLCwoHQ67Xsq22p9wEq/+0+VSiWuOUHH4YgGXhWLRUnqupCRpGw2q0KhUPt+cHBQyWTS44wANwgaeNeNf1yrS4Pr23/Mz8/r5MmTvqYEOEPQwLuVlRWtrq5K+n2E0w2fz3z+/Llu2/T0NCcCoCMRNPCq2uAvmUzKGKP5+fmuWEbbu3evJNUCtnrtDCcCoBNxMgDgSfXDf0laWFjQsWPHOBEAHYmgAQA4xdIZAMApggYA4BRBAwBwiqABADhF0AAAnCJoAABOETQAAKcIGgCAUwQNAMApggYA4NR/ZEsRgdrZVkEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
The figure shows four wire loops, with edge lengths of either L or 2L. All four loops will move through a region of uniform magnetic field
(directed out of the page) at the same constant velocity. Rank the four loops according to the maximum magnitude of the e.m.f. induced as they move through the field, greatest first
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A magnet is made to oscillate with a particular frequency, passing through a coil as shown in figure. The time variation of the magnitude of e.m.f. generated across the coil during one cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A magnet is made to oscillate with a particular frequency, passing through a coil as shown in figure. The time variation of the magnitude of e.m.f. generated across the coil during one cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A square loop of side 5 cm enters a magnetic field with 1 cms-1. The front edge enters the magnetic field at t = 0 then which graph best depicts emf
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A square loop of side 5 cm enters a magnetic field with 1 cms-1. The front edge enters the magnetic field at t = 0 then which graph best depicts emf
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Switch S of the circuit shown in figure. is closed at t = 0. If e denotes the induced
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
emf in L and i, the current flowing through the circuit at time t, which of the following graphs is correct
Switch S of the circuit shown in figure. is closed at t = 0. If e denotes the induced
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMMAAACiCAYAAAD813lVAAANJklEQVR4nO3d309T9/8H8Of5fkA65EcXwXUyoVJQKpmBZVHDujE1EXYFS+Y2r3RXS3oz+AuQxRu48Wo/smSJF0vYXDIlWZz0YuDoCDgDOEUI2K7jh4jCUlzUCpnne+H7HHukFiht3z3l+UiatedFT1+t59n3eZ9zYIqqqiqICP8nuwGiVMEwEAkMA5HAMBAJDAORwDAQCQwDkcAwEAmmDYPb7YaiKIab2+2W3RaZWIbsBmLl8XjQ0dGBjz/+WHYrlCYUs16OoSgKfD4fSktLZbdCacKUu0lerxcOh4NBoLgyZRj6+vrg8/kM8wWv1yu7LTI5U4YhEAigra0NqqrqN5fLJbstMjlThsHj8aC4uFh2G5RmTBcGv98Pn8+H/fv3y26F0ozpDq3evn0bAOBwOAzLTXpQjFKIaQ+tEsWb6XaTKHUEg0E0Nzejp6dHditxwTDQugWDQZw6dQrV1dXIz89HVVWV7JbiQuqcQVGUVff1GxsbMTk5icHBwSR1RdH09PSgubkZVqsV58+fT5sgABLDoJ1FXs21a9cwNTWVhI4omuHhYbS2tiIQCKClpQWNjY2yW4o7abtJ09PTKCsrk/XytEbavOD9999HbW0turu70zIIQJLD8P333+uXTxw/fhxdXV36Y7/fH/E5qqpCUZR1vU5ZWdmKy7u1W319fTzeStoLBoM4e/YsDh06hGAwiO7ubjQ1NcFqtcpuLXFUSerq6tTe3t5Vf664uFjNyMiIWPvuu+/UhoaGeLe26XV3d6tVVVXqu+++qw4NDcluJ2mkhWGtOSwuLlYzMzMj1o4dO6YCUAcHB+PZ2qb1119/qU1NTardblfPnDkju52kkzJn8Hq9qKurW9PPqlF2k1RxJGq9u1FkpM0LDh06hJKSEgwNDaGpqUl2W0kn5WiSy+XCpUuXNrwelSfPN6ynpweffPIJ7HY7uru7YbfbZbckTcqfdHvy5Mmq3/wcGdavp6cH1dXVaG1txfnz5zcUhJmZGTQ2NkJRFHz44YeYmZmJc7fJkfIX6mlHgSLhbtL6BYNBtLa24sKFC/jss89w8uTJDR8ham5uxsWLFwEAP/74IwDg3LlzG+412VI+DE+ePHlhjWFYv7Nnz8JqtWJoaChuh0m1ALzosVmsCEOqbVjZ2dmrjgz79u1LZkumF++51rFjx1YEIFW2o/W814hzBjXs1yll3/Lz81d9ozdu3JDep5lu8XbmzBk0NDQAABoaGjA9PS39PcbyPlN+N0lVeWg11RUVFeHChQuy29iwlD+atJYJNFE8pHwYom3wRUVF2LFjB3bs2JHEjihdrfi1z7X8jkEy2Ww2PHjwAP/++6/sVshk1rstm2Jk4JyAksEUYSBKhpQPA8CjRTKE/+7JZvnznSkfhrt372JxcVF2G5uK1+vF8ePH4fP5oKoqOjo6cPr0adltJVzKT6Ap+drb2/HNN9/g1q1bslvZkLSbQFPy1dTUwOfzob29XXYrScWRgSLyer14++23AQC9vb2m/CvnHBkoLlwuF1RVRVtbmx6KdMcwUFQffPABALzwr5ekE4aBDMrKygwbvtvtRl1d3ab4X4YxDGRw+vRpOBwOwwWS8fh9dTPgBJrSFifQRDFiGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBiIBIaBSGAYiASGgUhgGIgEhoFIYBgoIrfbjfb2dtltJBXDQBF5PB4UFxfLbiOpFFVVVcMCRcFzi2gTUhQFPp8PpaWlsluJ2Xq3ZVOODG63G4qiGG5+v192W2nD6/XC4XCYOgixMGUYPB4POjo6oKoqVFVFXV0djh49KruttNHX14eysjLZbSRdhuwGYuHz+bB//3798Wb7Bku0QCCAw4cPy24j6Uw3Mni9XgDPAuD1evHVV1/h5MmTMttKK5tx8gyYcGTo6+sD8HRypOGEP378fv+KkXezMN3IEAgE0NbWBlVV0dvbC+DZaEEbd/v2bQCAw+HQD0643W7JXSWH6cIQPoS7XC44HA59tKCNc7lc+oEJ7fbll1/KbispTBWGSEP40aNH8euvv0rsitKFqeYMV65cAWA8evTOO+/A4/HIakmaUCiEsbExDAwMIBgMwm63Y8+ePaiqqlq1dvnyZQQCAYRCIdjtdtTW1sJqtb6wZrFYYn6tWGqy8Ay0SXV2dmJ4eHjFcrvdDqvVGrFWXFyMpaUl3Llzx7DcYrHg008/xQ8//BCxVl5ejuvXr6/rtTZSO3HixMo3HIP1bssMgwn19/ejq6sLFosFDQ0NsNvtCAQC6OzsRCgUAoCoNZvNhoaGBgBAV1cXAoEAsrOz8fDhw4i11dYX79rBgwdRV1e34c9pU1yOsZmNjY0ZglBRUQGLxYKKigrU1tbqP/fmm28aagcPHtRrNTU1sNlssNls+Oijj/QgZGdn48SJE3qturpaf86+ffvW/Fqx1rQRob+/H2NjYwn5/KJJiTD09/fj888/x/j4+IralStX8PXXX+Off/5ZUbt48SK++OIL3L9/f0Xtp59+wrfffov//vsvIT3Lcu3aNQDAgQMHUFFRYaj9/fff+v3p6WlDTfuGB4DBwUH9vsViQU5ODgBgeXkZFotFr42Ojur3//zzzzW/Vqy18FFpYGAAySY9DHfu3EFXVxdUVdX/ocP19PRgbm4OQ0NDhuVLS0u4evUq5ufn8ccffxhqCwsLuH79OqanpzEyMpLQ/pMpFAohEAjAYrGsmGhqtaysLABPN/5gMAjg6WccrXb37l0oioLl5WV9efhr5eXlIRQKrahFWl+sNY0W8Ei1RJMehl9++UW/Pzo6iqWlJf3x1NQUHj16pNfCjYyM6PuD4d82Wk0jY7hNlOHhYf0oj9VqjVjbtWuXHhTtvWujgtPpfGGtoKBAX8/zr7V3796ItUivFWtNEx70ZP/bSQ1Dd3c3JicnsW3bNtjtdqiqatjob968CeDpB7SwsIDJyUm9pm3wGRkZmJqaMuxGac8Dnobo8ePHiX4rSTE3NwcA2LNnT9SaVte+JLRaSUnJC2u7du0yPA5fX0lJyQtrL1rfemvhotUSSVoY/H4/fvvtNwDAe++9h8rKSgDGDVm7X15ebngcDAbh8/mgKIo+rGohmpmZwdzcHHJycvTzEeHrNLPwozDRalpdW7aW2ssvvwwAhl0a7TnaKBSpFstrRaqFi1ZLJGlhWFhYAPDskgqn0wkAGB8fx8OHD+H3+3H//n0UFBTgwIEDAJ5t1NqoUFlZqYdIC0N4TRven9/FSvY3Trxo5wBsNlvUmlbXlq2lpo0M4XMJ7TnPh2GjrxWpFi5aLZEinoEOvyI0kfLy8tDS0gIA2Lp1K8rLyzExMYHR0VHMzs4CAPbu3YuioiIUFhbi3r178Pl8hg1eOzQ3MzODe/fu6YGprKzEtm3b8PPPP2NiYgIPHjzA1q1bcenSJQwMDMDj8Zjumqb6+voVcwXN4uKi/u/2/DfrWmrapHY9z4lnLVx4LVnbIhAhDDJPuDmdTkxMTODmzZuGMGj/vXz5Mq5evYrZ2VlkZ2fru0hOpxNDQ0P4/fffsbi4iMLCQuzcuRMAsHv3boyPj2N0dBS5ubn6Ibtz586hqKhIwrtMjC1btuDx48ewWCz6BqZt4NFqmZmZWFpaQkZGhv54I+uLtfa8lpYWhEIh/csyGaQfTQqnbfh+vx+PHj3Cq6++ildeecVQu3XrFgDou0cA9F2siYkJw8+G3x8ZGUFXVxcA4MiRI2kVBADIzc0FAMzPz2N+ft6wLFrtpZdeAgD9yyc7O3tD64u1FkmkuVEipdSFellZWXA6nfo+fvhGvX37dhQVFWFmZgaAMQzl5eX6WdTnn+d0OtHZ2akfQiwtLYXL5Ur4e0m2srIyzM/P48aNG4Zlq9V27tyJxcVF/RzPa6+9tqH1xVpLBSk1MgAwnFUN36iBZyNAVlaWfrhPo0268vLysH37dn35li1b9OcBiMs1L6no9ddfB/D0zK22K6gti1bTPhttHqZ95rGuL9ZaKvjfqVOnTsluIlxBQQH8fj9KSkrwxhtvGGo2mw2zs7N46623VhxRKSwshN/vx5EjR/RdK01mZiZGRkZQX18f8Rh9OsjNzUV+fj4WFxeRk5ODw4cPY/fu3avWCgsLsby8jKmpKdTU1OjXMMW6vlhrqWDFVatEm1XK7SYRycIwEAkMA5HAMBAJDAORwDAQCQwDkcAwEAkMA5HAMBAJDAORwDAQCQwDkcAwEAkMA5Hw/5J9JAJCc44iAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
emf in L and i, the current flowing through the circuit at time t, which of the following graphs is correct
The current i in an induction coil varies with time t according to the graph shown
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
in figure. Which of the following graphs shows the induced emf (e) in the coil with time
The current i in an induction coil varies with time t according to the graph shown
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
in figure. Which of the following graphs shows the induced emf (e) in the coil with time
A flexible wire bent in the form of a circle is placed in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The radius of the coil changes as shown in figure. The graph of induced emf in the coil is represented by
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A flexible wire bent in the form of a circle is placed in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The radius of the coil changes as shown in figure. The graph of induced emf in the coil is represented by
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
When a certain circuit consisting of a constant e.m.f. E an inductance L and a resistance R is closed, the current in, it increases with time according to curve 1. After one parameter (E, L or R) is changed, the increase in current follows curve 2 when the circuit is closed second time. Which parameter was changed and in what direction
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
When a certain circuit consisting of a constant e.m.f. E an inductance L and a resistance R is closed, the current in, it increases with time according to curve 1. After one parameter (E, L or R) is changed, the increase in current follows curve 2 when the circuit is closed second time. Which parameter was changed and in what direction
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the following figure, the magnet is moved towards the coil with a speed v and induced emf is e. If magnet and coil recede away from one another each moving with speed v, the induced emf in the coil will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the following figure, the magnet is moved towards the coil with a speed v and induced emf is e. If magnet and coil recede away from one another each moving with speed v, the induced emf in the coil will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The equation
. where a, b, c are the sides of a ΔABC, and the equation
have a common root. The measure of
is-
in a right angled isosceles triangle, ratio of sides = 1:√2:1
base angles are = 45 degrees.
The equation
. where a, b, c are the sides of a ΔABC, and the equation
have a common root. The measure of
is-
in a right angled isosceles triangle, ratio of sides = 1:√2:1
base angles are = 45 degrees.
If in a ΔABC, (sin A + sin B + sin C)(sin A + sin B – sin C)= 3 sin A sin B, then –
the sine rule states that
a/sin A =b/sin B = c/sinC = 2R
this is used to find the relation of the angles and sides of the triangles.
If in a ΔABC, (sin A + sin B + sin C)(sin A + sin B – sin C)= 3 sin A sin B, then –
the sine rule states that
a/sin A =b/sin B = c/sinC = 2R
this is used to find the relation of the angles and sides of the triangles.