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Question

If u equals f left parenthesis x comma y right parenthesis is a homogeneous function of order n.

I) x fraction numerator straight partial differential u over denominator straight partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator straight partial differential u over denominator straight partial differential y end fraction equals n u

II) x squared fraction numerator straight partial differential squared u over denominator straight partial differential x squared end fraction plus 2 x y fraction numerator straight partial differential squared u over denominator straight partial differential x straight partial differential y end fraction plus y squared fraction numerator straight partial differential squared u over denominator straight partial differential y squared end fraction equals n left parenthesis n minus 2 right parenthesis u

III) x fraction numerator straight partial differential squared u over denominator straight partial differential x squared end fraction plus y fraction numerator straight partial differential squared u over denominator straight partial differential x straight partial differential y end fraction equals left parenthesis n minus 1 right parenthesis fraction numerator straight partial differential u over denominator straight partial differential x end fraction

Which of the above statements is correct ?

  1. Only I
  2. Only II, III
  3. Only I and III
  4. I, II, III

hintHint:

We are given a homogeneous function u. It is a function of x and y. We are given three statements. We have to find which of the statements is true.

The correct answer is: Only I and III


    We are given that u is a homogeneous function of degree  n and it is function of x and y. We will check all three statements one by one.
    I. For first statement, we will take the partial derivative of u w.r.t x and y. We are using Euler's theorem to write the derivative.
    Euler's theorem states that if u is homogeneous function of x and y having degree n, then we can write
    x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction equals n u         ...(1)
    The first statement is correct.
    II. For second statement, we need second order derivative. We will take the partial derivative of equation (1) w.r.t x and then y.
    Take partial derivative w.r.t x
    x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction equals n u
fraction numerator partial differential over denominator partial differential x end fraction left parenthesis x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential y over denominator partial differential x end fraction right parenthesis space equals fraction numerator partial differential over denominator partial differential x end fraction left parenthesis n u right parenthesis
x fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction plus fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis space plus space y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction space equals n fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction
x fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction space plus y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction space equals n fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction minus left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction
x fraction numerator x squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction space plus y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction space equals left parenthesis n space minus space 1 right parenthesis fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction space space space space space... left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis
    Multiply the equation (2) by x
    x squared fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction space plus space x y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction space equals left parenthesis n minus 1 right parenthesis x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction     ...(3)
    Similarly, take the partial derivative of equation (1) w.r.t y.
    x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction space equals space n u
x fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential y squared end fraction plus fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis space equals n fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction
x fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential y squared end fraction space equals space left parenthesis n space minus 1 right parenthesis fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction space space space space space... left parenthesis 4 right parenthesis
    Multiply equation (4) by y
    x y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction plus y squared fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential y squared end fraction space equals left parenthesis n space minus 1 right parenthesis y fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction space         ...(5)
    Adding (4) and (5) we get,
    x squared fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction plus 2 x y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction plus y squared fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential y squared end fraction space equals left parenthesis n minus 1 right parenthesis open parentheses x fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential x end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential u over denominator partial differential y end fraction close parentheses
    From (1) we get
    x squared fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x squared end fraction plus 2 x y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential x partial differential y end fraction plus y fraction numerator partial differential squared u over denominator partial differential y squared end fraction space equals n left parenthesis n minus 1 right parenthesis u
    So, statement "II" is incorrect.
    III. See equation no (2).
    We can say that statement III is correct.
    So, the option which says "only I and III", is the right option.

    We have to remember all the three results instead of deriving them.

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