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Easy

Question

Ravish write letters to his five friends and address the corresponding envelopes. In how many ways can the letters be placed in the envelopes so that at least two of them are in the wrong envelopes -

  1. 109    
  2. 118    
  3. 119    
  4. None of these    

The correct answer is: 119


    Required number of ways not stretchy sum subscript r equals 2 end subscript superscript 5 end superscript 5 C subscript 5 minus r end subscript D(r)
    equals sum from r equals 2 to 5 of   fraction numerator 5 factorial over denominator r factorial left parenthesis 5 minus r right parenthesis factorial end fraction r factorial times open curly brackets 1 minus fraction numerator 1 over denominator 1 factorial end fraction plus fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 factorial end fraction minus fraction numerator 1 over denominator 3 factorial end fraction plus horizontal ellipsis plus fraction numerator left parenthesis negative 1 right parenthesis squared over denominator r factorial end fraction close curly brackets
    equals sum from r equals 2 to 5 of   fraction numerator 5 factorial over denominator left parenthesis 5 minus r right parenthesis factorial end fraction=open curly brackets fraction numerator 1 over denominator 2 factorial end fraction – fraction numerator 1 over denominator 3 factorial end fraction plus.... plus fraction numerator left parenthesis negative 1 right parenthesis to the power of r end exponent over denominator r factorial end fraction close curly brackets
    = 10 + 20 + (60 – 20 + 5) + (60 – 20 + 5 – 1)
    = 10 + 20 + 45 + 44
    = 119.

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