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<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="91" height="106" class="wp-image-12972" style="width: 60px" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-165.png" alt="">Key Concepts</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Ecology</li>



<li>Biosphere</li>



<li>Biotic and Abiotic Factor</li>



<li>Levels of Organization</li>



<li>Ecosystem</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Session:<strong> Ecosystem and Ecology</strong></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="74" height="61" class="wp-image-1730" style="width: 74px" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2128.png" alt="introduction">Introduction</h3>



<p>We know that all living things depend on other factors, such as living or non-living, for their survival. So, all living things are interdependent. Interdependency is very important for survival. Each and every day, we share our environment with various organisms such as plants, animals, etc. The study of plants and animals, their eating habits, who eats them is called natural history. The area of biology that is formed from natural history is called ecology. <a href="https://www.turito.com/learn/biology/ecosystem-and-ecology-grade-9" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.turito.com/learn/biology/ecosystem-and-ecology-grade-9">Ecology</a> is the study of communication between organisms and their surroundings.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="65" height="60" class="wp-image-1731" style="width: 65px" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2130.png" alt="biosphere">Biosphere&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Living organisms are found in air, water, and land. Biosphere is the area of the earth that supports living organisms. Biosphere supports living organisms in a large variety of situations such as various climatic conditions, soils, plants, and animals. We know that living things are affected by physical surroundings, non-living factors and also by other living organisms. Ecologists study how living organisms reproduce and live in all these different situations (physical and biological situations) in the earth’s biosphere. The lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere are included in the biosphere.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Ecosystem</strong>&nbsp;</h2>



<p>An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with each other, including their non-living surrounding.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The hierarchy of an ecosystem is organisms, population, community, biome, and biosphere.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Organism</strong>: An organism is any living thing.&nbsp;</p><div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes"  data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



<p><strong>Population</strong>: It is a group of organisms belonging to the same species. The same species live in the same area at the same time. For example: People living in the same area, zebras living in Savanna in Africa. Savanna is a mixed grassland and woodland ecosystem.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-120.png" alt="Zebras in Savanna " class="wp-image-1683" style="width:534px;height:272px" width="534" height="272" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-120.png 334w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-120-300x153.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px" /></figure></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 1. Zebras in Savanna</p>



<p><strong>Community</strong>: It is made up of different populations in the same area at a particular time. For example: Various types of flowers grow in the same area. This is called the community of flowers.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-121.png" alt="Community of flowers " class="wp-image-1684" style="width:457px;height:259px" width="457" height="259" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-121.png 344w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-121-300x170.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px" /></figure></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 2. Community of flowers</p>



<p>The relationship between different populations and their surrounding atmosphere develops an ecosystem. An <strong>ecosystem</strong> is made up of different communities in the same population with the community of abiotic factors (non-living things).&nbsp;</p><div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes"  data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



<p><strong>Biome</strong>: It is the community of plants and animals that occur naturally in an area and generally share common features of that area.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Biosphere</strong> is the region that supports living things.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="847" height="411" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2131.png" alt="Levels of organization " class="wp-image-1760" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2131.png 847w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2131-300x146.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot-2131-768x373.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px" /></figure></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 3. Levels of organization&nbsp;</p>



<p>An ecosystem consists of <strong>biotic</strong> and <strong>abiotic</strong> factors.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Biotic factors</strong>: Living organisms make biotic factor. For example: Plants and animals.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Abiotic factors</strong>: Non-living things make abiotic factor. For example: Soil, air, water, sunlight, wind, etc.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-122-1024x490.png" alt="Ecosystem and Ecology" class="wp-image-1688" style="width:840px;height:401px" width="840" height="401" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-122-1024x490.png 1024w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-122-300x143.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-122-768x367.png 768w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-122.png 1514w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" /></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 4. Ecosystem and Ecology</p>



<p>The word ecosystem was first used by A.G. Tansley in 1935. He reduced the big word ‘ecological system’ to the ecosystem. According to Tansley, nature work as one system and in that system, organisms and other communities are influenced by many abiotic factors.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Types of ecosystem</strong>&nbsp;</h2>



<p>On the basis of habitat, an ecosystem is divided into two groups; terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="333" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123-1024x333.png" alt=" Classification of ecosystem " class="wp-image-1689" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123-1024x333.png 1024w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123-300x98.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123-768x250.png 768w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123-1536x500.png 1536w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-123.png 1562w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 5. Classification of ecosystem&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Terrestrial ecosystem</strong>: These are located on land. For example: Fields, rotting logs, yards, meadows, volcanoes, garden plots.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Aquatic ecosystem</strong>: These occur in freshwater and saltwater. Freshwater ecosystem consists of ponds, lakes, and streams. Saltwater ecosystem consists of wetland, estuaries, and marine ecosystem.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Estuaries</strong>: It is an enclosed body where freshwater lakes, ponds, and streams meet saltwater from the ocean.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Organisms in ecosystem</strong>&nbsp;</h3>



<p>A dog living in a grassland makes its home in a kennel, whereas some species of birds make their nests on the trees. They make their homes in these areas because they find food, avoid enemies, and reproduce. A <strong>habitat</strong> is a place where an organism lives. For example: For human beings, the house is their habitat. Habitats can change due to natural and human-made causes.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="792" height="578" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-124.png" alt="Habitat " class="wp-image-1690" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-124.png 792w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-124-300x219.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-124-768x560.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px" /></figure></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center">Fig 6. Habitat House</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Ecology</strong>&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their surroundings. Scientists gain information by observing organisms in their natural surroundings.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Summary</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>All living things depend on other factors for their survival.</li>



<li>Living organisms are found in air, water, and land.</li>



<li>Biosphere is the area of the earth that supports living organisms. </li>



<li> The components of an ecosystem are organisms, population, and community. </li>



<li>The relationship between different populations and their surrounding atmosphere<br>develops an ecosystem. </li>



<li>An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic factors. </li>



<li>The word ecosystem was first used by A.G. Tansley in 1935. </li>



<li>On the basis of habitat, an ecosystem is divided into two groups; terrestrial ecosystem<br>and aquatic ecosystem.</li>



<li>Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their surroundings.</li>
</ul>
