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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Key Concepts</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Sexual Reproduction</li>



<li>Vegetative Propagation</li>



<li>Pollination</li>



<li>Fertilization</li>



<li>Seed Dispersal</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Introduction</h2>



<p>The majority of flowering plants reproduce through sexual reproduction.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Flowers produce both male and female gametes, making them the reproductive portion of the plant.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Flowers are used by plants to reproduce sexually.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="548" height="606" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-62.jpeg" alt="Sexual reproduction cycle in plants " class="wp-image-16068" style="width:416px;height:460px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-62.jpeg 548w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-62-271x300.jpeg 271w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px" /></figure></div>


<p>A flower has:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Vegetative parts</strong></li>



<li><strong>Reproductive parts&nbsp;</strong></li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Vegetative Parts </h3>



<p><strong>Petals</strong>: Bees, insects, and birds are drawn to this brightly colored part of the flower called petals.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes"  data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



<p>Petals vary in color from plant to plant, with some being bright and others being faint.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>As a result, petals assist us in distinguishing between flowers.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Sepals</strong>: The green-colored component beneath the petals that protects the developing buds is known as a sepal.  </p>



<p>The petals and sepals of certain flowers are united, while the petals and sepals of others are separated.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Peduncle/pedicel</strong> is the stalk of the flower.&nbsp;</p><div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes"  data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



<p>The section of a flower stalk to which the flower&#8217;s parts are attached is called the receptacle.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="677" height="606" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1209.png" alt="Parts of a flower " class="wp-image-16069" style="width:523px;height:468px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1209.png 677w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1209-300x269.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px" /></figure></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Reproductive Parts &nbsp;&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Stamen (also known as androecium) is the male reproductive organ. Anther and filaments are the two elements of it.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The pollen is produced and stored by the anther, which is a yellowish sac-like structure.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The filament is a thin, threadlike structure that supports the anther.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The female reproductive organ (known as gynoecium) of a flower is the pistil, which is made up of three parts: stigma, style, and ovary. The pistil is the term for all of this.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In the gynoecium of a flower, the stigma is the highest component or receptive point of carpels.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The stigma is connected to the ovary by a long tube-like thin stalk.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The ductless reproductive gland that contains many ovules is known as the ovary. The formation of seeds takes place here.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Stamen, pistil, or both may be found in a flower. A flower might be unisexual or bisexual as a result of this.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Bisexual flowers, such as roses and China roses, are made up of all four elements listed above.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Plants such as papaya and cucumber, on the other hand, produce unisexual blooms.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="286" height="315" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1213.png" alt="Unisexual and bisexual flowers " class="wp-image-16073" style="width:311px;height:343px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1213.png 286w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1213-272x300.png 272w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px" /></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Explanation&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Pollination and fertilization are two important aspects of <a href="https://www.turito.com/learn/science/reproduction-in-plants" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.turito.com/learn/science/reproduction-in-plants">plant reproduction</a>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Pollination</h3>



<p><strong>Pollination</strong> is the process of transporting pollen grains from a flower&#8217;s male anther to its female stigma.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Flowers rely on vectors to transport pollen. Wind, water, birds, insects, butterflies, bats, and other animals that visit flowers can all be vectors.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Pollinators are animals or insects that transport pollen from one plant to another.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="342" height="328" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1215.png" alt="Different pollinators " class="wp-image-16075" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1215.png 342w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1215-300x288.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px" /></figure></div>


<p>When pollen grains attach themselves to the animal&#8217;s body, the pollinator is frequently ingesting or gathering pollen for its protein and other nutritional properties, or it is sipping nectar from the flower.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Pollen can fall off onto the stigma of another flower when the animal visits it for the same reason, resulting in successful flower reproduction.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="810" height="607" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1211.png" alt="Process of pollination " class="wp-image-16071" style="width:531px;height:398px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1211.png 810w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1211-300x225.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1211-768x576.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px" /></figure></div>


<p><a href="https://www.turito.com/learn/biology/pollination-types-benefits-and-disadvantages">Pollination</a> that occurs between the anther and stigma of the same flower is known as <strong>self-pollination.</strong>&nbsp;</p>



<p>Pollen transfer between the anther and the stigma of different blooms of the same plant or distinct plants of the same species is known as <strong>cross-pollination.</strong>&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="602" height="606" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1210.png" alt="Types of pollination " class="wp-image-16070" style="width:499px;height:502px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1210.png 602w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1210-298x300.png 298w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1210-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px" /></figure></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Fertilization</h3>



<p>Male gametes from pollen grains release and combine with the egg in the ovule to generate a zygote once pollen is transported to the stigma.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Fertilization is the process of fusion of gametes.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="710" height="607" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1214.png" alt="Fertilization and formation of fruit " class="wp-image-16074" style="width:538px;height:460px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1214.png 710w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1214-300x256.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px" /></figure></div>


<p>The resulting zygote divides and grows into an embryo, then into a seed. The fruit grows from the ovary.&nbsp;</p>



<p>If a plant&#8217;s seeds fall in the same location, they will compete for sunlight, water, minerals, and space and will not mature into healthy plants.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Seed dispersal is important to plants.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="650" height="606" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1212.png" alt="Life cycle of flowering plants " class="wp-image-16072" style="width:534px;height:498px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1212.png 650w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1212-300x280.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></figure></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Seed dispersal</h3>



<p>Wind, water, and animals transport plant seeds and fruit.&nbsp;</p>



<p>When the fruits burst with sharp jerks, some seeds are dispersed from the parent plant.&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp;Wind carries winged seeds such as drumstick and maple light grass seeds, hairy seeds of aak (Madar), and hairy fruit of sunflower to faraway areas.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="433" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1218.png" alt="Seed dispersal by fruit burst " class="wp-image-16079" style="width:640px;height:308px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1218.png 900w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1218-300x144.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1218-768x369.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure></div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="839" height="433" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1217.png" alt="Seed dispersal by wind  " class="wp-image-16078" style="width:663px;height:342px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1217.png 839w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1217-300x155.png 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1217-768x396.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px" /></figure></div>


<p>Water helps spread some seeds, like in the case of coconut, these fruits or seeds grow a spongy or fibrous outer shell, which allows them to float.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Animals disseminate some seeds, particularly prickly seeds with hooks that cling to animals&#8217; bodies and are transferred to remote locations. Xanthium and urena are both examples of dispersal by animals.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="896" height="433" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-63.jpeg" alt="Seed dispersal by water " class="wp-image-16076" style="width:560px;height:270px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-63.jpeg 896w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-63-300x145.jpeg 300w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-63-768x371.jpeg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px" /></figure></div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="393" height="217" src="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1216.png" alt="Seed dispersal by animals " class="wp-image-16077" style="width:543px;height:300px" srcset="https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1216.png 393w, https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/image-1216-300x166.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px" /></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Summary</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Seeds are produced by <a href="https://www.turito.com/learn/biology/variation-of-traits-from-sexual-reproduction-grade-8" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.turito.com/learn/biology/variation-of-traits-from-sexual-reproduction-grade-8">sexual reproduction</a> and include a young embryo capable of<br>developing into a new plant.</li>



<li>Plants can produce new plants without seeds in asexual reproduction through roots,<br>stems, leaves, and buds. As all of these are vegetative parts, the asexual mode of<br>reproduction is called vegetative reproduction.</li>



<li><strong>Petals: </strong>Bees, insects, and birds are drawn to this brightly colored part of the flower called<br>petals.</li>



<li><strong>Sepals:</strong> The green-colored component beneath the petals that protects the developing<br>buds is known as a sepal.</li>



<li>Stamen (also known as androecium) is the male reproductive organ, Anther and<br>filaments are the two elements of it.</li>



<li>The female reproductive organ (known as gynoecium) of a flower is the pistil, which is<br>made up of three parts: stigma, style, and ovary. The pistil is the term for all of this.</li>



<li>A flower might be unisexual or bisexual.</li>



<li>Pollination is the process of transporting pollen grains from a flower&#8217;s male anther to its<br>female stigma.</li>



<li>Pollination that occurs between the anther and stigma of the same flower is known as<br>self-pollination.</li>



<li>Pollen transfer between the anther and the stigma of different blooms of the same plant<br>or distinct plants of the same species is known as cross-pollination.</li>



<li>Fertilization is the process of fusion of gametes.</li>



<li><strong>Seed dispersal:</strong> Wind, water, and animals transport plant seeds and fruit.<br></li>
</ul>
