Introduction:
We can find the solution to the word problem by solving it.
Here, in this topic, we can use 3 methods to find the solution.
1. Add using counters
![Add using counters](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Add-using-counters.png)
2. Use factors to get the product
![The Product](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/The-product.png)
3. Write equations to find the unknown.
Addition Equation: 8+8+8 =?
Multiplication equation: 3×8=?
Example 1:
Andrew has his friends over for the game night. So, he decided to prepare snacks and games.
He started by making mini sandwiches. If he has 4 friends coming over and he made 3 sandwiches for each one of them, how many sandwiches did he make?
![3 sandwiches](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-sandwiches.jpg)
Solution:
Andrew prepared 3 sandwiches for each friend.
The number of friends who came to his home is 4.
The number of sandwiches he has to prepare is,
Step 1:
The number of sandwiches he has to prepare is,
![](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/number-of-sandwiches-1-1024x131.png)
We can use addition to join an equal group.
![](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/3-sandwiches.jpg.png)
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
Step 2:
We can define multiplication as an operation that gives the total number when you join equal groups.
![](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/4-friends.png)
![Multiplication](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/multiplication.png)
Factors are the numbers that are being multiplied.
The product is the answer to the multiplication problem.
Step 3:
We can write the equation to solve the problem.
An unknown is a symbol that stands for a number in an equation.
The required addition equation is,
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 =?
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
The required multiplication equation is,
3 × 4 =?
3 × 4 = 12
Example 2:
A flashlight requires 2 batteries to function. How many batteries in all would 7 such flashlights require?
Solution:
A flashlight requires 2 batteries to function.
7 such flashlights require batteries = 2 × 7 = 14.
Therefore, 7 such flashlights require 14 batteries.
Example 3:
Norah uses an ounce of butter to bake 9 cookies. How many cookies can she bake with 8 ounces of butter?
Solution:
Norah uses an ounce of butter to bake 9 cookies.
With 8 ounces of butter, the number of cookies she can bake is,
The required equation is,
9 × 8 = 72
Therefore, with 8 ounces of butter, the number of cookies she can bake is 72.
Example 4:
A small-time tour operator owns a fleet of 8 cars of the same make. Each car is filled with 2 liters of engine oil. How many liters in all have been filled in the cars?
Solution:
A small-time tour operator owns a fleet of 8 cars of the same make.
Each car is filled with 2 liters of engine oil.
The amount of engine oil filled in 8 cars is,
2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
Therefore, the amount of engine oil filled in 8 cars is liters.
Exercise:
- Joan has 9 blue balloons. Sandy has 3 times more blue balloons than Joan. How many blue balloons does Sandy have now?
- A restaurant sold 6 hamburgers every day for a week. How many hamburgers were sold during the week?
- Alyssa, Joan, and Fred each have 8 pencils. How many pencils do they have in all?
- The roof is 8 feet above the floor. To support it, John needs 2 sets of metal bars. If each set has 7 metal bars, how many metal bars are there in all?
- Mike worked 4 hours for 6 days. How many hours did he work in total?
- Alyssa goes fishing with Tom. Alyssa catches 5 trout. Tom catches twice as many trout as Alyssa. How many trout did Tom catch?
- A CD contains 4 music tracks. How many music tracks would 8 such CDs contain?
- Jessica was at the beach for five days and found 9 seashells every day. How many seashells did Jessica find during the beach trip?
- Mary goes out to lunch with Benny and Sally. Each person orders the lunch special. Mary agrees to pay the bill. How much will she have to pay?
- There was a total of 5 football games a month. The season is played for 3 months. How many football games are in the season?
Concept Summary:
![Concept Summary](https://www.turito.com/learn-internal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Concept-Summary-6.png)
![Addition and Multiplication Using Counters and Bar-Diagrams](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turito.com%2Flearn-internal%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F08%2FAddition-and-Multiplication-Using-Counters-and-Bar-Diagrams.png&w=1920&q=50)
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