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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Read the following pairs of sentences:&nbsp;</h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>My book is missing.&nbsp; My books are missing.&nbsp;</li><li>The shop is open.&nbsp; The shops are open.&nbsp;</li><li>The box is full.&nbsp; The boxes are full.&nbsp;</li></ul>



The change in form of the noun in second sentences of each pair.&nbsp;



The nouns in the first sentences of each pair denote one thing, and the nouns in the second sentences of each pair denote more than one thing.&nbsp;



A noun referring to a single person or thing is said to be in Singular Number, like;&nbsp;



Boy, girl, bird, book, tree, car, etc.&nbsp;



A noun referring to more than one person or thing, is said to be in Plural Number, like;&nbsp;<div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes" data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



Boys, girls, birds, books, trees, cares, etc.&nbsp;



&nbsp;But there are certain things, let’s say rules, to keep in mind while forming the plural nouns from their singular counterparts.&nbsp;&nbsp;



Let us learn the rules&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 1:&nbsp;</h3>



Most nouns generally take their plural form by adding -s to the singular, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Boy, boys&nbsp;</li><li>Girl, girls&nbsp;</li><li>Book, books&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Pen, pens&nbsp;</li><li>Car, cars&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 2:&nbsp;</h3>



Nouns ending in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x and most nouns ending in -o usually form their plural by adding -es to the singular, like;&nbsp;<div class="fillWidthInMob"><a loading='lazy' class="showAdInAllRes" data-toggle="modal" data-target=#homeLeadForm data-heading="Get Expert Guidance" href="#"><img class="img-fluid" alt="parallel" src=https://a.storyblok.com/f/128066/1100x230/00b28b4876/11-applying-for-collages_leaderboard-1100x230.jpg /></a></div>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Class, classes&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Kiss, kisses&nbsp;</li><li>Watch, watches&nbsp;</li><li>Dish, dishes&nbsp;</li><li>Box, boxes&nbsp;</li><li>Tax, taxes&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Buffalo, buffaloes&nbsp;</li><li>Mango, mangoes&nbsp;</li><li>Potato, potatoes&nbsp;</li><li>Hero, heroes&nbsp;</li><li>Cargo, cargoes&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 3:&nbsp;</h3>



There are a few nouns ending in -o that form plural merely by adding -s to the singular, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Piano, pianos&nbsp;</li><li>Dynamo, dynamos&nbsp;</li><li>Kilo, kilos&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Photo, photos&nbsp;</li><li>Commando, commandos&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 4:&nbsp;</h3>



Nouns ending in -y, when preceded by a consonant, form their plural by changing -y into -i and adding -es, like ;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Lady, ladies&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Baby, babies&nbsp;</li><li>Army, armies&nbsp;</li><li>Story, stories&nbsp;</li><li>City, cities&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 5:&nbsp;</h3>



There are nouns ending in -f or -fe that form their plural by changing -f or -fe into v and adding&nbsp; -es. They are;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Thief, thieves&nbsp;</li><li>Life, lives&nbsp;</li><li>Half, halves&nbsp;</li><li>Loaf, loaves&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Wife, wives&nbsp;</li><li>Sheaf, sheaves&nbsp;</li><li>Knife, knives&nbsp;</li><li>Calf, calves&nbsp;</li><li>Wolf, wolves&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Elf, elves&nbsp;</li><li>Shelf, shelves&nbsp;</li><li>Leaf, leaves&nbsp;</li><li>Self, selves&nbsp;</li></ul>



But nouns like scarf, dwarf, hoof, and wharf&nbsp; take either -s or -ves in the plural;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Dwarfs or dwarves&nbsp;</li><li>Scarfs or scarves&nbsp;</li><li>Wharfs or wharves&nbsp;</li><li>Hoofs or hooves&nbsp;</li></ul>



Most other words ending in -f&nbsp; or -fe take their plural form by adding -s, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Chief, chiefs&nbsp;</li><li>Gulf, gulfs&nbsp;</li><li>Safe, safes&nbsp;</li><li>Cliff, cliffs&nbsp;</li><li>Proof, proofs&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Handkerchief, handkerchiefs&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 6:&nbsp;</h3>



There are a few nouns that change the inside vowel of the singular to form their plural, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Man, men&nbsp;</li><li>Goose, geese&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Mouse, mice&nbsp;</li><li>Woman, women&nbsp;</li><li>Foot, feet&nbsp;</li><li>Tooth, teeth&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 7:&nbsp;</h3>



A few nouns form their plural by adding -en to the singular, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Ox, oxen&nbsp;</li><li>Child, children&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 8:&nbsp;</h3>



There are some nouns that have their singular and their plurals alike, like;&nbsp;



Swine, sheep, deer, luggage, aircraft, furniture, trout, salmon, series, species, spacecraft, etc.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 9:&nbsp;</h3>



Some nouns are always used only in the plural:&nbsp;



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>Names of instruments that have two parts forming a kind of pair, like;&nbsp; Bellows, scissors, spectacles, etc.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<ol class="wp-block-list" start="2"><li>Names of certain articles of dress, like;&nbsp; Jeans, trousers, drawers, shorts, etc.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 10:&nbsp;</h3>



Certain collective nouns, though they are singular in form, are always used as plurals, like;&nbsp;



Poultry, cattle, vermin, people, gentry.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rule 11:&nbsp;</h3>



Compound nouns generally form their plurals by adding -s to the principal word, like;&nbsp;



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Son-in-law – Sons-in law&nbsp;</li><li>Commander-in-chief – Commanders-in-chief&nbsp;</li><li>Looker-on – Lookers-on&nbsp;</li><li>Stepson – Stepsons&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Passer-by – Passers-by&nbsp; </li></ul>